Strategies to Increase the Intention to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey of US Adults, October 2020 to October 2021

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baxter-King R ; Guerin, Rebecca J. ; Holliday D ; Naeim A ; Okun, Andrea H. ; Rossell Hayes A ; Rudkin A ; Sepucha K ; Stanton AL ; Vavreck L ; Wenger N
• Description:
  Objectives: We examined COVID-19 vaccination status, intention, and hesitancy and the effects of five strategies to increase the willingness of unvaccinated adults (≥18 years) to get a COVID vaccine. Methods: Online surveys were conducted between October 1-17, 2020 (N = 14,946), December 4-16, 2020 (N = 15,229), April 8-22, 2021 (N = 14,557), June 17-July 6, 2021 (N = 30,857), and September 3-October 4, 2021 (N = 33,088) with an internet-based, non-probability opt-in sample of U.S. adults matching demographic quotas. Respondents were asked about current COVID-19 vaccination status, intention and hesitancy to get vaccinated, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Unvaccinated respondents were assigned to treatment groups to test the effect of five strategies (endorsements, changing social restrictions, financial incentives, vaccine requirements for certain activities, and vaccine requirements for work). Chi-square tests of independence were performed to detect differences in the response distributions. Results: Willingness to be vaccinated (defined as being vaccinated or planning to be) increased over time from 47.6 % in October 2020 to 81.1 % in October 2021. By October 2021, across most demographic groups, over 75 % of survey respondents had been or planned to be vaccinated. In terms of strategies: (1) endorsements had no positive effect, (2) relaxing the need for masks and social distancing increased Intention to Get Vaccinated (IGV) by 6.4 % (p < 0.01), (3) offering financial incentives increased the IGV between 12.3 and 18.9 % (p <.001), (4) vaccine requirements for attending sporting events or traveling increased IGV by 7.8 % and 9.1 %, respectively (p = 0.02), and vaccine requirement for work increased IGV by 35.4 %. The leading causes (not mutually exclusive) for hesitancy were concerns regarding vaccine safety (52.5 %) or side effects (51.6 %), trust in the government's motives (41.0 %), and concerns about vaccine effectiveness (37.6 %). Conclusions: These findings suggest that multiple strategies may be effective and needed to increase COVID-19 vaccination among hesitant adults during the pandemic. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Communicable Diseases Occupational Health Safety Surveys And Questionnaires
• Keywords:
  COVID-19 Health Surveys Immunizations Infection Prevention Safety Measures Vaccines
• ISSN:
  0264-410X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Massachusetts ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSI - Division of Science Integration
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  40
• Issue:
  52
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20066473
• Citation:
  Vaccine 2022 Dec; 40(52):7571-7578
• Contact Point Address:
  Arash Naeim, Center for SMART Health, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, 10911 Weyburn Ave Suite 300e, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
• Email:
  anaeim@mednet.ucla.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2023
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Vaccine
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:17d83ab645aba6fe9b2583ea0e562502f1f2646dca375dbfe5d8850f687384792c16558522564e647eb1ece2eca668f74237f8ddd9699015f463615eb34be47f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/231097/cdc_231097_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 629.15 KB ]