Mutagenicity of Diesel Exhaust Particles from an Engine with Differing Exhaust After Treatments

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bugarski AB ; Keane MJ ; Li S-Q ; Ong T ; Shi X-C
• Description:
  This study was conducted to investigate the effects of engine operating conditions and exhaust aftertreatments on the mutagenicity of diesel particulate matter (DPM) collected directly in an underground mine environment. A number of after-treatment devices are currently used on diesel engines in mines, but it is critical to determine whether reductions in DPM concentrations result in a corresponding decrease in adverse health effects. An eddy-current dynamometer was used to operate naturally aspirated mechanically controlled engine at several steady-state conditions. The samples were collected when the engine was equipped with a standard muffler, a diesel oxidation catalytic converter, two types of uncatalyzed diesel particulate filter systems, and three types of disposable diesel particulate filter elements. Bacterial gene mutation activity of DPM was tested on acetone extracts using the Ames Salmonella assay. The results indicated strong correlation between engine operating conditions and mutagenic activity of DPM. When the engine was fitted with muffler, the mutagenic activity was observed for the samples collected from light-load, but not heavy-load operating conditions. When the engine was equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst, the samples did not exhibit mutagenic activity for any of four engine operating conditions. Mutagenic activity was observed for the samples collected when the engine was retrofitted with three types of disposable filters and sintered metal diesel particulate filter and operated at light load conditions. However, those filtration systems substantially reduced the concentration-normalized mutagenic activity from the levels observed for the muffler. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Carcinogens Filtration Mining Mutagens Occupational Health Particulate Matter Safety Vehicle Emissions
• Keywords:
  Aerosol-particles Combustible-materials Combustion-products Diesel-emissions Diesel-exhausts Mining-equipment Mining-industry Particulates Underground-mining
• Series:
  Mining Publications
• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; Pennsylvania ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; OMSHR - Office of Mine Safety and Health Research
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  73
• Issue:
  19
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037588
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010 Jan; 73(19):1314-1324
• Contact Point Address:
  M. J. Keane, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HELD, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
• Email:
  MKeane@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Mining
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:1d0de7b870303a89f22e4bbfc98734e3656ceb1d0440063407cfc41f931ac9cc8e3ebeaf8f82d8ba238d5268b08451f03112ebea40a28691068373d22836d5a3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/227243/cdc_227243_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 544.02 KB ]