Ixodes scapularis saliva mitigates inflammatory cytokine secretion during Anaplasma phagocytophilum stimulation of immune cells

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Parasit Vectors
• Personal Author:
  Chen, Gang ; Severo, Maiara S ; Sohail, Mohammad ; Sakhon, Olivia S ; Wikel, Stephen K ; Kotsyfakis, Michail ; Pedra, Joao HF
• Description:
  Background
  
  Ixodes scapularis saliva enables the transmission of infectious agents to the mammalian host due to its immunomodulatory, anesthetic and anti-coagulant properties. However, how I. scapularis saliva influences host cytokine secretion in the presence of the obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum remains elusive.
  
  Methods
  
  Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and A. phagocytophilum. Cytokine secretion was measured in the presence and absence of I. scapularis saliva. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also stimulated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α in the presence and absence of I. scapularis saliva and interleukin (IL)-8 was measured.
  
  Results
  
  I. scapularis saliva inhibits inflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages during stimulation of Toll-like (TLR) and Nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways. The effect of I. scapularis saliva on immune cells is not restricted to murine macrophages because decreasing levels of interleukin (IL)-8 were observed after TNF-α stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. I. scapularis saliva also mitigates pro-inflammatory cytokine response by murine macrophages during challenge with A. phagocytophilum.
  
  Conclusions
  
  These findings suggest that I. scapularis may inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion during rickettsial transmission at the vector-host interface.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Animals Cytokines Humans Immunologic Factors Ixodes Ixodes Scapularis Leukocytes, Mononuclear Macrophages Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Research Rickettsial Agent Saliva Tick

  More +
• Source:
  Parasit Vectors. 2012; 5:229.
• Pubmed ID:
  23050849
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC3503595
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  K01 CK000101/CK/NCEZID CDC HHS/United States ; R01 AI093653/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
• Volume:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:63d7ffa24237f3dcee3ac3223f8d13eb082daf08aa2d8d2278ec8611859e1dff
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/22677/cdc_22677_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 950.50 KB ]