Detection of Triclocarban and Two Co-Contaminating Chlorocarbanilides in US Aquatic Environments Using Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Details

• Personal Author:
  Halden RU ; Heidler J ; Sapkota A
• Description:
  The antimicrobial compound triclocarban (TCC; 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide; CAS# 101-20-2) is a high-production-volume chemical, recently suggested to cause widespread contamination of US water resources. To test this hypothesis, we developed an isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for ultratrace analysis of TCC (0.9 ng/L detection limit) and analyzed low-volume water samples (200 mL) along with primary sludge samples from across the United States. All river water samples (100%) collected downstream of wastewater treatment plants had detectable levels of TCC, as compared to 56% of those taken upstream. Concentrations of TCC (mean +/-standard deviation) downstream of sewage treatment plants (84 +/-110 ng/L) were significantly higher (P<0.05; Wilcoxon rank sum test) than those of samples taken upstream (12 +/-15 ng/L). Compared to surface water, mean TCC concentrations found in dried, primary sludge obtained from municipal sewage treatment plants in five states were six orders of magnitude greater (19,300 +/-7100 microg/kg). Several river samples contained a co-contaminant, identified based on its chromatographic retention time, molecular base ion, and MS/MS fragmentation behavior as 4,4'-dichlorocarbanilide (DCC; CAS# 1219-99-4). In addition to TCC and DCC, municipal sludge contained a second co-contaminant, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorocarbanilide (TetraCC; CAS# 4300-43-0). Both newly detected compounds were present as impurities (0.2%w/w each) in technical grade TCC (99%). Application of the new method for chlorocarbanilide analysis yielded TCC occurrence data for 13 US states, confirmed the role of sewage treatment plants as environmental inputs of TCC, and identified DCC and TetraCC as previously unrecognized pollutants released into the environment alongside TCC. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Disinfectants Environmental Monitoring Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Antimicrobials Author Keywords: Antimicrobials Chemical Indicators Disinfectant Emerging Contaminants Environmental Monitoring Ground Water LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Phenyl Urea Compounds

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• ISSN:
  0013-9351
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  21-29
• Volume:
  103
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20062868
• Citation:
  Environ Res 2007 Jan; 103(1):21-29
• Contact Point Address:
  Rolf U. Halden, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Center for Water and Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA
• Email:
  rhalden@jhsph.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  4,4'-Dichlorocarbanilide (CAS RN 1219-99-4) ; Triclocarban (CAS RN 101-20-2) ; Urea, N,N′-bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- (CAS RN 4300-43-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• Performing Organization:
  Johns Hopkins University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Research
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b80e87c64cbcff446046be7dde78623dbc3841708ef32cbdca5c27bc02f145b5cc7216fc5668de4057443ed8d40ea9603e4a71b1fadb461b28ece5d0b7cc4ec7
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/226042/cdc_226042_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 239.78 KB ]