Examination of Realism in a High-Fidelity Tractor Driving Simulator

Details

• Personal Author:
  Casteel C ; Faust K ; McGehee DV ; Peek-Asa, Corinne ; Ramirez M ; Rohlman DS
• Description:
  Transportation-related incidents are the leading cause of occupational fatalities for all industries in the U.S., including the agricultural industry, which suffers thousands of crashes involving farm equipment each year. Simulated driving studies offer a safe and cost-effective way to conduct driving research that would not be feasible in the real world. A tractor driving miniSim was developed and then evaluated for realism at the University of Iowa among 99 Midwestern farm equipment operators. It is important for driving simulators to have a high degree of realism for their results to be applicable to non-simulated driving operations. High-fidelity driving simulators facilitate extrapolations made by driving research but should be re-tested for realism when changes are made to the design of the simulator. The simulator used in this study emulated a tractor cab with realistic controls, three high-resolution screens, and high-fidelity sound. After completing a 10-minute drive, farm equipment operators completed a survey and scored four specific domains assessing specific characteristics (i.e., appearance, user interface, control, and sound) of the tractor simulator's realism using a seven-point Likert scale (from 0 = not at all realistic to 6 = completely realistic). An overall realism score and domain scores were calculated. Farm equipment operators were also asked to provide recommendations for improving the tractor miniSim. Overall, farm equipment operators rated the simulator's realism favorably (i.e., >3 on a scale from 0 to 6) for all individual items and domains. The appearance domain received the highest average realism score (mean = 4.58, SD = 1.03), and the sound domain received the lowest average realism score (mean = 3.86, SD = 1.57). We found no significant differences in realism scores across farm equipment operator characteristics. The most frequently suggested improvements were to tighten the steering wheel (27%), make the front tires visible (19%), and that no improvements were needed to improve the simulator realism (18%). This study demonstrates that the new tractor miniSim is a viable approach to studying farm equipment operations and events that can lead to tractor-related crashes. Future studies should incorporate the suggested improvements and seek to validate the simulator as a research and outreach instrument. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Farmers Occupational Health Safety Transportation
• Keywords:
  Agricultural Industry Agricultural Machinery Author Keywords: Driving Simulator Computerized Simulation Equipment Operation Farm Equipment Operators Farm Workers Realism Simulation Methods Tractors
• ISSN:
  1074-7583
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement ; Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; Minnesota ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  123-137
• Volume:
  26
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20062837
• Citation:
  J Agric Saf Health 2020 Oct; 26(4):123-137
• Contact Point Address:
  Carri Casteel, University of Iowa College of Public Health.145 N. Riverside Drive, CPHB S314, Iowa City, IA 52242
• Email:
  carri-casteel@uiowa.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Construction ; Services ; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Iowa
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20060901
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health
• End Date:
  20260831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e58b49647478cee47855d33a46dc4a3d01c66b1413b8831ff9859b18069901bd79c4e6d9a1d04a14ee6c77e1be41d508ee7b4a4b0f015a4bff57bcb199eeadcf
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/226014/cdc_226014_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.70 MB ]