Early Elevation of Serum MMP-3 and MMP-12 Predicts Protection from World Trade Center-Lung Injury in New York City Firefighters: A Nested Case-Control Study

Kwon, Sophia; Weiden, Michael D.; Echevarria, Ghislaine C.; Comfort, Ashley L.; Naveed, Bushra; Prezant, David J.; Rom, William N.; Nolan, Anna

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076099

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Early Elevation of Serum MMP-3 and MMP-12 Predicts Protection from World Trade Center-Lung Injury in New York City Firefighters: A Nested Case-Control Study

Published Date:

Oct 16 2013

Publisher's site:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076099 New Site Icon

Source:

PLoS One. 2013; 8(10).

[PDF-437.44 KB]

Details:

Personal Authors:

Kwon, Sophia ; Weiden, Michael D. ; Echevarria, Ghislaine C. ; Comfort, Ashley L. ; Naveed, Bushra ; ... More ▼

Keywords:

[+]

Pubmed ID:

24146820

Pubmed Central ID:

PMC3797818

Description:

Objective

After 9/11/2001, some Fire Department of New York (FDNY) workers had excessive lung function decline. We hypothesized that early serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) expression predicts World Trade Center-Lung Injury (WTC-LI) years later.

Methods

This is a nested case-control analysis of never-smoking male firefighters with normal pre-exposure Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) who had serum drawn up to 155 days post 9/11/2001. Serum MMP-1, 2,3,7,8, 9, 12 and 13 were measured. Cases of WTC-LI (N = 70) were defined as having an FEV1 one standard deviation below the mean (FEV1≤77%) at subspecialty pulmonary evaluation (SPE) which was performed 32 months (IQR 21–53) post-9/11. Controls (N = 123) were randomly selected. We modeled MMP's ability as a predictor of cases status with logistic regression adjusted for time to blood draw, exposure intensity, weight gain and pre-9/11 FEV1.

Results

Each log-increase in MMP-3 and MMP-12 showed reduced odds of developing WTC-LI by 73% and 54% respectively. MMP-3 and MMP-12 consistently clustered together in cases, controls, and the cohort. Increasing time to blood draw significantly and independently increased the risk of WTC-LI.

Conclusions

Elevated serum levels of MMP-3 and MMP-12 reduce the risk of developing WTC-LI. At any level of MMP-3 or 12, increased time to blood draw is associated with a diminished protective effect.

Document Type:

Journal Article

Collection(s):

CDC Public Access

Funding:

K24A1080298/PHS HHS/United States
NIEHST32ES007267/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
NIH-NHLBI K23HL084191/PHS HHS/United States
NIH-R01HL057879/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
U10-OH008242/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
U10-OH008243/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
UL1RR029893/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States

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