Biological Effects of Inhaled Hydraulic Fracturing Sand Dust. VI. Cardiovascular Effects

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cumpston J ; Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Johnson C ; Kan H ; Kashon ML ; Krajnak, Kristine M. ; McKinney W ; Russ KA ; Waugh, Stacey ; Zheng W
• Description:
  Hydraulic fracturing is used to access oil and natural gas reserves. This process involves the high-pressure injection of fluid to fracture shale. Fracking fluid contains approximately 95% water, chemicals and 4.5% fracking sand. Workers may be exposed to fracking sand dust (FSD) during the manipulation of the sand, and negative health consequences could occur if FSD is inhaled. In the absence of any information about its potential toxicity, a comprehensive rat animal model study (see Fedan et al., 2020) was designed to investigate the bioactivities of several FSDs in comparison to MIN-U-SIL 5, a respirable a-quartz reference dust used in previous animal models of silicosis, in several organ systems. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of inhalation of one FSD, i.e., FSD 8, on factors and tissues that affect cardiovascular function. Male rats were exposed to 10 or 30 mg/m3 FSD (6 h/d for 4 d) by whole body inhalation, with measurements made 1, 7 or 27 d post-exposure. One day following exposure to 10 mg/m3 FSD the sensitivity to phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in tail arteries in vitro was increased. FSD exposure at both doses resulted in decreases in heart rate (HR), HR variability, and blood pressure in vivo. FSD induced changes in hydrogen peroxide concentrations and transcript levels for pro-inflammatory factors in heart tissues. In kidney, expression of proteins indicative of injury and remodeling was reduced after FSD exposure. When analyzed using regression analysis, changes in proteins involved in repair and remodeling were correlated. Thus, it appears that inhalation of FSD does have some prolonged effects on cardiovascular, and, possibly, renal function. The findings also provide information regarding potential mechanisms that may lead to these changes, and biomarkers that could be examined to monitor physiological changes that could be indicative of impending cardiovascular dysfunction. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Biomarkers Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Dust Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Laboratories Occupational Health Quartz Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Silicon Dioxide

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Blood Pressure Biological Effects Cardiovascular System Disorders Dusts Exposure Levels Fracking Heart Rate Variability Hydraulic Fracturing Hydrogen Peroxide Injuries In Vitro Study In Vivo Study Laboratory Animals Models Oxidative Stress Proteins Renal Injury Risk Factors Sand Silicosis Toxic Effects Toxins Vasoconstriction Vasodilation

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• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  406
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061042
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020 Nov; 406:115242
• Contact Point Address:
  Kristine Krajnak, Engineering Controls and Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000, Frederick Lane, Morgantown, WV 26508, United States of America
• Email:
  ksk1@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:69045cbe266fcc4faaa65e021cbef73597a05ab27b057b8b3deb13c90ccbb0c7dfa6d0be950e3594d54eeaa03825d2227d0c153188ef4c98ea582f082f13131c
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224727/cdc_224727_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.19 MB ]