A Brief Overview of the National Outbreak of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury and the Primary Causes

Details

• Personal Author:
  Click ES ; Evans ME ; Goodman AB ; Hocevar S ; Kiernan E ; Layer MR ; Melstrom P ; Reagan-Steiner S ; Twentyman E ; Weissman, David N. ; Wiltz JL
• Description:
  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders have investigated a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). As of February 25, 2020, a total of 2,807 hospitalized cases of EVALI have been reported to the CDC from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and two US territories (Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands). Sixty-eight deaths have been confirmed in 29 states and the District of Columbia (as of February 18, 2020). Mechanisms for lung injury in this syndrome are still being investigated. Vitamin E acetate (VEA) is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak. VEA has been found in product samples tested by FDA and state laboratories and patient BAL fluid samples tested by the CDC from geographically diverse states. VEA has not been found in the BAL fluid of people who do not have EVALI. However, evidence is not sufficient to rule out the contribution of other chemicals of concern, including chemicals in either tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or non-THC products, in some of the reported EVALI cases. The current article summarizes evidence as of February 25, 2020, for potential toxicants and mechanisms of toxicity for EVALI. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Age Factors Aging Asthma Asthma, Occupational Behavior Demography Digestive System Digestive System Diseases Hazardous Substances Lung Lung Diseases Mental Disorders Mental Health Mortality Occupational Health Public Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Smokers Solvents Tobacco Products

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• Keywords:
  Adolescents Age Factors Age Groups Author Keywords: Acute Lung Injury Behavioral Disorders Behavior Patterns Cigarette Smoking Clinical Symptoms Cross Sectional Studies Demographic Characteristics E-cigarette EVALI Gastrointestinal System Disorders Hazard Communication Health Protection Humans Lung Disease Lung Disorders Medical Treatment Mental Disorders Mortality Data Partnership Psychological Disorders Public Health Pulmonary System Disorders Recommendations Surveillance Tobacco Toxic Effects Toxic Materials Toxicology Toxic Vapors Vapors Vitamin E Acetate

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• ISSN:
  0012-3692
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  426-431
• Volume:
  159
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20060716
• Citation:
  Chest 2021 Jan; 159(1):426-431
• Contact Point Address:
  Emily Kiernan, DO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Hurt Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30333
• Email:
  eakiern@emory.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  (-)-Nicotine (CAS RN 54-11-5) ; Tetrahydrocannabinol (CAS RN 1972-08-3) ; Tobacco oil (CAS RN 8037-19-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Chest
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fbc5f0670d5543b059f3c2c87feb12a61d08beec62765f31aa5b920b4f4fdd158551b891472cd1b820cd3765b75b308d612da628cdcde8ca4725eb759abec852
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224546/cdc_224546_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 191.54 KB ]