Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Survivors of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Attacks: A Review of the Literature

Details

• Personal Author:
  Brackbill RM ; Friedman LG ; Gargano LM ; Hamwey MK ; Leon LF ; Petrsoric LJ
• Description:
  Prior reviews of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have not focused on the civilian survivors most directly exposed to the attacks. Survivors include those individuals who were occupants of buildings in or near the World Trade Center (WTC) towers, those whose primary residence or workplace was in the vicinity, and persons who were on the street passing through the area. This review reports published information on the prevalence of and risk factors for PTSD, as well as comorbidities associated with PTSD among 9/11 survivors. Articles selected for inclusion met the following criteria: (1) full-length, original peer-reviewed empirical articles; (2) published in English from 2002-2019; (3) collected data from persons directly exposed; (4) adult populations; and (5) focused on non-rescue or recovery workers (i.e., survivors). Data were extracted with focus on study design, sample size, time frame of data collection post-9/11, PTSD assessment instrument, and PTSD prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities. Our review identified the use of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, finding multiple direct comorbidities with PTSD, as well as the prevalence and persistence of PTSD. Future research would benefit from incorporating more mixed methods designs, and exploring the mediating mechanisms and protective factors of the known associations of PTSD among the 9/11 survivor population. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Environmental Exposure Men Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety September 11 Terrorist Attacks Women
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: 9/11 Cormorbidities Exposure Levels Humans Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review Risk Factors Survival Rate Survivors Terrorism World Trade Center WTC

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• ISSN:
  1660-4601
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  17
• Issue:
  12
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20060054
• Citation:
  Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jul; 17(12):4344
• Contact Point Address:
  Robert M. Brackbill, World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101
• Email:
  rbrackbi@health.nyc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• Performing Organization:
  New York City Health/Mental Hygiene
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20090430
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• End Date:
  20260630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:247d5573cff4e2839ef7704ec976b922a91b89df60d4d2c51d816d7a00d5392375e5bb90d022f525443fb2802545b707e69876fbf02f7a5fe5226eb0aadf8acd
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224087/cdc_224087_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 604.70 KB ]