Occupational Biomonitoring and Interpretation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Using Field Deployable Sensors and PBPK Modeling

Details

• Personal Author:
  Du AD ; Han AA ; Lin Y ; Smith JN ; Wang Y
• Description:
  Onsite rapid biomonitoring of occupational exposures supports safe working conditions and practices. Traditional quantification methods of chemicals in biofluids may have long turnaround times leading to delayed analysis and, if warranted, remedial action, highlighting the need for faster measurements and interpretation of measurements. In order to improve measurement and interpretation time of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), we developed a field deployable device for 2,4-D detection and a computational pharmacokinetic model for measurement interpretation. The antibody-based device features an optical-sensing platform that utilizes a smartphone to take measurements of colorimetric changes dependent on the presence of 2,4-D in biological samples. After optimizing conditions, the device detected 2,4-D in the linear range of 1 - 40 microg/L in biofluids. For measurement interpretation, we developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) to predict 2,4-D disposition in rats and humans and utilized a Transwell in vitro system to parameterize salivary transport of 2,4-D. The PBPK model predicted 2,4-D concentrations in urine (533 microg/L) of 2,4-D backpack applicators following an 8-hour workday exposed to 0.008-0.012 mg/kg/day of 2,4-D. At those same exposure conditions, the model predicted concentrations of 2,4-D in saliva at lower levels than urine (average 1.49 microg/L), but still within the linear range of the sensor. Since these expected levels are well within the detection limits of the sensor, this device may be suitable for non-invasive and rapid onsite screenings in occupational settings. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Antibodies Body Fluids Colorimetry Electrical Equipment And Supplies Occupational Health Safety Toxicology Urine Workplace
• Keywords:
  2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Biomonitoring Body Fluids Cell Phones Chemical Indicators Chemicals Detectors Electronic Devices Humans In Vitro Study Kinetics Mathematical Models Medical Screening Models Optical Aids Pharmacology Physiological Effects Physiological Measurements Safety Measures Salivary Glands Sampling Sensors Urinalysis Work Environment

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  439-440
• Volume:
  174
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058984
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2020 Mar; 174(1):439-440
• CAS Registry Number:
  (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (CAS RN 94-75-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• Performing Organization:
  Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20160901
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 15-19, 2020, Anaheim, California
• End Date:
  20200831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f704b0c682be35ca079526b004142f2a9d04070b19b36e77815f5688139c4bf9c85cdd264d01fe5ca9aa67b2390de77c6f69aa55d9a74bdea185a45a0c651369
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223324/cdc_223324_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 538.66 KB ]