Human Factors Risk Analyses of a Doffing Protocol for Ebola-Level Personal Protective Equipment: Mapping Errors to Contamination

Details

• Personal Author:
  Casanova L ; DuBose J ; Durso FT ; Erukunuakpor K ; Ferguson AN ; Gipson CL ; Jacob JT ; Kraft CS ; Mumma JM ; Walsh VL ; Zimring C
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• Description:
  Background. Doffing protocols for personal protective equipment (PPE) are critical for keeping healthcare workers (HCWs) safe during care of patients with Ebola virus disease. We assessed the relationship between errors and self-contamination during doffing. Methods. Eleven HCWs experienced with doffing Ebola-level PPE participated in simulations in which HCWs donned PPE marked with surrogate viruses (phi6 and MS2), completed a clinical task, and were assessed for contamination after doffing. Simulations were video recorded, and a failure modes and effects analysis and fault tree analyses were performed to identify errors during doffing, quantify their risk (risk index), and predict contamination data. Results. Fifty-one types of errors were identified, many having the potential to spread contamination. Hand hygiene and removing the powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) hood had the highest total risk indexes (111 and 70, respectively) and number of types of errors (9 and 13, respectively). Phi6 was detected on 10% of scrubs and the fault tree predicted a 10.4% contamination rate, likely occurring when the PAPR hood inadvertently contacted scrubs during removal. MS2 was detected on 10% of hands, 20% of scrubs, and 70% of inner gloves and the predicted rates were 7.3%, 19.4%, 73.4%, respectively. Fault trees for MS2 and phi6 contamination suggested similar pathways. Conclusions. Ebola-level PPE can both protect and put HCWs at risk for self-contamination throughout the doffing process, even among experienced HCWs doffing with a trained observer. Human factors methodologies can identify error-prone steps, delineate the relationship between errors and self-contamination, and suggest remediation strategies. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Health Personnel
  • Occupational Health
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Protective Clothing
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Safety
  • Viral Diseases
• Keywords:
  • Exposure levels
  • Risk factors
  • Ebola virus disease
  • Personal protective equipment
  • PPE
  • Health care personnel
  • Health care workers
  • Safety
  • Safety clothing
  • Safety equipment
  More +
• ISSN:
  1058-4838
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  66
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064435
• Citation:
  Clin Infect Dis 2018 Mar; 66(6):950-958
• Contact Point Address:
  J. M. Mumma, Georgia Institute of Technology, 654 Cherry St, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170
• Email:
  jmumma6@gatech.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• Performing Organization:
  Georgia State University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20150901
• Source Full Name:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases
• End Date:
  20180831
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222892/cdc_222892_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.91 MB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0ec98141fdee62f4d0754059b9918538c77a8798631830e4454cbb5eddb6bc88305a2abee8cb3eaf5ba2006ecaa31dec4e7fc0e2a88edb83a6dedb9246d0f135