Comparative Mortality and Risk Factors for Death Among US Supreme Court Justices (1789–2013)

Details

• Personal Author:
  Day SM ; Kush SJ ; Reynolds RJ ; Vachon P
• Description:
  Objectives: To compare the mortality experience of 112 justices of the US Supreme Court with that expected in the general population. To identify variables associated with mortality within this cohort. Background: Supreme Court justices are a select occupational cohort. High socio-economic status, advanced education, lifetime appointment, and the healthy worker effect suggest lower mortality. Sedentary work, stress, and a tendency to work beyond typical retirement age may attenuate this. Methods: Standardized mortality ratios compare the observed mortality rates of justices with those expected in age- and sex-matched contemporary general populations. Poisson regression analyzes variables associated with mortality within the cohort. Results: From 1789 to 2013, 112 justices (108 male) contributed 2,355 person-years of exposure. Mean age (standard deviation) at appointment was 53.1 years (6.7); at retirement 69.7 years (9.9); at death (n = 100) 74.4 years (10.3); and at end of the study for those alive (n = 12) 72.1 years (11.8). Standardized mortality ratios (95% ci) were: overall 0.87 (0.70-1.05); prior to 1950 0.92 (0.61-1.33); and from 1950 to 2013 0.66 (0.42-0.99). Variables in the final Poisson model and their associated mortality rate ratios (95% ci) were: age 1.06 (1.03-1.09); calendar year 0.99 (0.99-1.00); active status 0.41 (0.25-0.68); career length 1.04 (1.01-1.07); and chief justice 1.08 (0.59-1.84). Conclusions: Supreme Court mortality was lower than that of the general population in the period from 1950 to the present, but was on par prior to 1950. Increasing age and career length were associated with greater mortality, while active status and later calendar year with lower. These results may add to a body of knowledge that may help to develop or refine models of mortality risk in increasingly aged working populations. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aging Cohort Studies Longevity Occupational Health Safety Stress, Psychological
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Death Cohort Studies Death Certificates Historical Cohort Job Stress Lifespan Mortality Mortality Studies Supreme Court
• ISSN:
  0743-6661
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 6 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Texas
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  9-16
• Volume:
  45
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064392
• Citation:
  J Insur Med 2015 Jan; 45(1):9-16
• Contact Point Address:
  Robert J. Reynolds, PhD, MPH, Mortality Research & Consulting, Inc., 17700 Castleton Street, Suite 586, City of Industry, CA 91748
• Email:
  rreynolds@mortalityresearch.com
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Insurance Medicine
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e203e60d6486ab0d03a4f77fa9c4249170c5714515a4f3462a044119c76dc3e4f43412c77d0fc3254681b681641a0e86e37d846a7d62b075640b345cbc932653
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222857/cdc_222857_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 335.15 KB ]