Standardized Binomial Models for Risk or Prevalence Ratios and Differences

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cole SR ; Kinlaw AC ; MacLehose RF ; Richardson DB ; Cole SR ; Kinlaw AC ; MacLehose RF ; Richardson DB
• Description:
  Background: Epidemiologists often analyse binary outcomes in cohort and cross-sectional studies using multivariable logistic regression models, yielding estimates of adjusted odds ratios. It is widely known that the odds ratio closely approximates the risk or prevalence ratio when the outcome is rare, and it does not do so when the outcome is common. Consequently, investigators may decide to directly estimate the risk or prevalence ratio using a log binomial regression model. Methods: We describe the use of a marginal structural binomial regression model to estimate standardized risk or prevalence ratios and differences. We illustrate the proposed approach using data from a cohort study of coronary heart disease status in Evans County, Georgia, USA. Results: The approach reduces problems with model convergence typical of log binomial regression by shifting all explanatory variables except the exposures of primary interest from the linear predictor of the outcome regression model to a model for the standardization weights. The approach also facilitates evaluation of departures from additivity in the joint effects of two exposures. Conclusions: Epidemiologists should consider reporting standardized risk or prevalence ratios and differences in cohort and cross-sectional studies. These are readily-obtained using the SAS, Stata and R statistical software packages. The proposed approach estimates the exposure effect in the total population. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Cohort Studies Epidemiology Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Risk Cohort Studies Cross Sectional Studies Mathematical Models Prevalence Regression Models Standardizations Statistical Analysis Statistical Quality Control
• ISSN:
  0300-5771
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article ; Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Minnesota ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Volume:
  44
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064299
• Citation:
  Int J Epidemiol 2015 Oct; 44(5):1660-1672
• Contact Point Address:
  David B Richardson Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
• Email:
  david.richardson@unc.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a5c4d102e31df638ceb9dcabbc6a55f253cef99890f7ecf23dc16d42225e400fb720343333be9bfb200dec67dd32c4076186d23e32487ba8341be057916110ab
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222791/cdc_222791_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 466.36 KB ]