Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions from Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products

Details

• Personal Author:
  Fernandez E ; LeBouf, Ryan F. ; Ranpara, Anand ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
• Description:
  The current fourth generation ("pod-style") electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) heat a liquid ("e-liquid") contained in a reservoir ("pod") using a battery-powered coil to deliver aerosol into the lungs. A portion of inhaled EVP aerosol is estimated as exhaled, which can present a potential secondhand exposure risk to bystanders. The effects of modifiable factors using either a prefilled disposable or refillable pod-style EVPs on aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) and its respiratory deposition are poorly understood. In this study, the influence of up to six puff profiles (55-, 65-, and 75-ml puff volumes per 6.5 and 7.5 W EVP power settings) on PSD was evaluated using a popular pod-style EVP (JUUL(R) brand) and a cascade impactor. JUUL(R) brand EVPs were used to aerosolize the manufacturers' e-liquids in their disposable pods and laboratory prepared "reference e-liquid" (without flavorings or nicotine) in refillable pods. The modeled dosimetry and calculated aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) were used to estimate regional respiratory deposition. From these results, exhaled fraction of EVP aerosols was calculated as a surrogate of the secondhand exposure potential. Overall, MMADs did not differ among puff profiles, except for 55- and 75-ml volumes at 7.5 W (p < 0.05). For the reference e-liquid, MMADs ranged from 1.02 to 1.23µm and dosimetry calculations predicted that particles would deposit in the head region (36-41%), in the trachea-bronchial (TB) region (19-21%), and in the pulmonary region (40-43%). For commercial JUUL(R) e-liquids, MMADs ranged from 0.92 to 1.67µm and modeling predicted that more particles would deposit in the head region (35-52%) and in the pulmonary region (30-42%). Overall, 30-40% of the particles aerosolized by a pod-style EVP were estimated to deposit in the pulmonary region and 50-70% of the inhaled EVP aerosols could be exhaled; the latter could present an inhalational hazard to bystanders in indoor occupational settings. More research is needed to understand the influence of other modifiable factors on PSD and exposure potential. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Electrical Equipment And Supplies Flavoring Agents Nicotine Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Safety Smokers Solvents Tobacco Products

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: E-cigarette Cigarette Smoking Electronic Devices Flavorings Inhalation Studies JUUL(R) Particle Aerodynamics Particle Size Particle Size Distributions Pod-style E-cigarette Respiratory Deposition Secondhand Exposure Estimates Secondhand Smoke Vapors

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• ISSN:
  2296-2565
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064255
• Citation:
  Front Public Health 2021 Dec; 9:750402
• Contact Point Address:
  Ryan F. LeBouf, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
• Email:
  rlebouf@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  (-)-Nicotine (CAS RN 54-11-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Services
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Frontiers in Public Health
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:90f548a03fd65377e219e9ab7327996a53984daa52b7eab5145df551a6dcce7767bce1d976fbdbf83a5a9f44b103f326466e2519cb38abf93d7f645e1b835b83
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222754/cdc_222754_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 698.42 KB ]