Paid Maternity Leave in the United States: Associations with Maternal and Infant Health

Details

• Personal Author:
  Abraham JM ; Blewett LA ; Jou J ; Kozhimannil KB ; McGovern, Patricia M.
• Description:
  Objectives The United States is one of only three countries worldwide with no national policy guaranteeing paid leave to employed women who give birth. While maternity leave has been linked to improved maternal and child outcomes in international contexts, up-to-date research evidence in the U.S. context is needed to inform current policy debates on paid family leave. Methods Using data from Listening to Mothers III, a national survey of women ages 18-45 who gave birth in 2011-2012, we conducted multivariate logistic regression to predict the likelihood of outcomes related to infant health, maternal physical and mental health, and maternal health behaviors by the use and duration of paid maternity leave. Results Use of paid and unpaid leave varied significantly by race/ethnicity and household income. Women who took paid maternity leave experienced a 47% decrease in the odds of re-hospitalizing their infants (95% CI 0.3, 1.0) and a 51% decrease in the odds of being re-hospitalized themselves (95% CI 0.3, 0.9) at 21 months postpartum, compared to women taking unpaid or no leave. They also had 1.8 times the odds of doing well with exercise (95% CI 1.1, 3.0) and stress management (95% CI 1.1, 2.8), compared to women taking only unpaid leave. Conclusions for Practice Paid maternity leave significantly predicts lower odds of maternal and infant re-hospitalization and higher odds of doing well with exercise and stress management. Policies aimed at expanding access to paid maternity and family leave may contribute toward reducing socio-demographic disparities in paid leave use and its associated health benefits. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Behavior Family Healthcare Disparities Mental Health Nervous System Occupational Health Pregnancy Safety Women
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Maternity Leave Children Families Family And Medical Leave Act Health Behavior Health Disparities Health Effects Infant Health Maternal Health Mental Health Policy Psychological Effects Work-life Balance

  More +
• ISSN:
  1092-7875
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Minnesota ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  216-225
• Volume:
  22
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064153
• Citation:
  Matern Child Health J 2018 Feb; 22(2):216-225
• Contact Point Address:
  Judy Jou, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
• Email:
  jouxx008@umn.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Maternal and Child Health Journal
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b8fc4b8699bd2704afac6f78668d7592e90080de18726ead98c627f384645ab47f1ebd25595346e86dd9ee8361ea600a722dd33f9f8ac0d4c5fed3fef3046574
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/222661/cdc_222661_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 684.22 KB ]