A Novel Portable KXRF Measurement System for In Vivo Metal Measurements

Details

• Personal Author:
  Specht AJ
• Description:
  This research project focused on the validation of a new device for measurements of lead in bone using K-shell xrays and an x-ray tube source. Key accomplishments involved obtaining concrete data to ascertain the detection limits of the proposed experimental device for bone lead measurements. Significant advancements were made, such as optimizing the setup to generate a pencil beam, effectively limiting radiation exposure to the subject and optimizing the detector for lead's K-shell x-rays. The project meticulously designed a collimator and shielding for the x-ray tube to generate a precise x-ray beam over the bone - crucial in reducing dose and minimizing scattered radiation during measurements. Testing and comparison of various detectors, including sodium iodide, silicon-based, and cadmium zinc telluride (CdTe), were performed to determine the optimal choice based on resolution properties at lead energies of interest. We performed radiation dose assessments, shielding, and validation of the prototype system, demonstrating minimal radiation exposure during in vivo measurements, ensuring the safety and viability of the device for intended applications. After extensive testing and refinement, the device showcased promising detection capabilities, with a remarkable detection limit estimate of 0.6 ppm for lead in plaster-of-Paris phantoms. With optimized dose measures, we used a lower power output for the x-ray tube and calculated a detection limit of 6 ppm - still lower than conventional systems for bone lead measurement. Further developments are planned to enhance this limit and validate its effectiveness through comprehensive testing with multiple detectors with larger active areas. Finally, we successfully completed recruitment for our bone lead biomarker measurements and validation for the study sets. Additionally, this sets the stage for pilot results on neuromotor function related to lead. We have a subsequent publication of results, providing a valuable contribution to the field and hopefully leading to more use of this device in the future. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Lead Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Detectors Emerging Technology In Vivo Studies X-ray Fluorescence Analysis
• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  Indiana ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-10
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20069888
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, K01-OH-012528, 2024 Jun; :1-10
• CAS Registry Number:
  Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2024
• Performing Organization:
  Purdue University
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20210901
• Source Full Name:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• End Date:
  20220731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:4dd3660ac9fedd6247325040ef69a0222c73b7da356172d0be2a0a651e7379bcd2a93f472cdf37788cce3dfdb2e7ceb4412142a3f6d6c81e8bee453ca1c8a91d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/219264/cdc_219264_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 256.48 KB ]