Trichloroethylene and Parkinson’s Disease

Details

• Personal Author:
  Goldman SM ; Tanner CM
• Description:
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of occupational exposures to the solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PERC) and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). The basis for this investigation was founded on three prior observations: 1) In 2008 a cluster of PD was reported in a small manufacturing facility in Kentucky where a large vapor-degreasing vat of TCE had been present in an enclosed area for several years; 2) Subsequently, TCE was shown to produce an animal model of parkinsonism that recapitulated the primary behavioral and pathological characteristics of PD 3) This prompted our group to conduct the first analytic study of TCE in a cohort of twins who were discordant for PD, in which we found a significant 6-fold increased risk of PD among persons who had worked with TCE, and a . The present study aimed to replicate these findings in an independent study population, and test the hypothesis that variation in genes related to TCE metabolism or genes related to PD risk might modify the risk from TCE. We collected lifetime detailed job-task histories from 519 PD and 511 control subjects. We reviewed a total of 9,369 individual job histories and estimated exposure likelihood, intensity and duration to the solvents TCE, PERC, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for each job. We also calculated a cumulative exposure estimate for each compound. Solvent exposures were rare in this cohort, with only 37 (7.1%) cases and 47 (9.2%) controls exposed to any of TCE, PERC or CCl4. 12 case and 10 control subjects were judged to have had an occupational exposure to TCE, our solvent of primary interest. PD risk associated with "high" cumulative exposure to TCE was slightly but non-significantly elevated: odds ratio 1.8 (95%CI 0.5-5.2). We conducted a pooled analysis that combined the current data with data from our prior study in twins. In this pooled analysis, we found a significantly increased risk from TCE: odds ratio 4.2 (95%CI 1.2-15.3). Our ability to assess exposure risk in persons with specific genetic variants was limited due to small numbers. We found a significant interaction between occupational use of CCl4 and the metabolic enzyme GSTM1 among men: persons with active glutathione-S-transferase-M1 enzyme were at higher risk from TCE exposure (p=0.037) than persons with inactive enzyme. No other significant interactions were found, but risk associated with TCE exposure was somewhat higher in persons with function glutathione-S-transferase-M1 enzyme. Additionally, though not statistically significant, risk associated with TCE exposure was higher in smokers and in persons who sustained a prior head injury. Overall, this work adds to current data suggesting that occupational exposure to TCE is a risk factor for PD. Though statistical power was low, possible genetic and environmental interactions were suggested, consistent with the hypothesis that some workers may be particularly susceptible to solvent toxicity. Future studies would benefit from larger numbers of exposed subjects, ideally with objective estimates of exposure to these specific solvents. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Behavior Energy Metabolism Environmental Exposure Enzymes Genetics Laboratories Manufacturing And Industrial Facilities Occupational Health Pathology Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Solvents Tetrachloroethylene

  More +
• Keywords:
  Carbon Tetrachloride Exposure Levels Genes Laboratory Animals Manufacturing Metabolism Models Parkinsonism Parkinsons Disease Perchloroethylene Risk Factors Trichloroethylene Vapors

  More +
• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-18
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064534
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB2022-100417
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, R21-OH-010372, 2019 Mar; :1-18
• Email:
  Samuel.goldman@ucsf.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Tetrachloroethylene (CAS RN 127-18-4) ; Trichloroethylene (CAS RN 79-01-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2019
• Performing Organization:
  Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20130901
• Source Full Name:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• End Date:
  20170831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:2b4ca6b8b078bda4c43b04c06490eaa35c353d73d0a45bb19872a33579f33f2095eb1cd68b94fd97db5331a5f550e6372cee36fbfa4c1f15818117c03d0aa6d1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/219099/cdc_219099_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 464.92 KB ]