Influence of Metal-Working Fluid Formulations on Dermal Absorption of Biocides

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baynes RE ; Hughes-Oliver J ; Riviere JE ; Xia X-R
• Description:
  When the skin of workers is exposed to different industrial formulations, it is often assumed that dermal absorption of harmful substances will vary according to the chemical composition of these different formulations. It is often assumed that this may explain why one formulation may be more harmful locally and/or systemically than another formulation. This project attempted to accurately predict these formulation effects at the chemical manufacturing end or onsite production end and thus provide useful quantitative information that will help mitigate occupational exposure to formulations that may promote dermal absorption of a potential toxicant. The EPA Guidance Document on Dermal Risk Assessment (EPA, 2004) recommends a regression model for single chemicals but provides no guidance on mixtures or formulations. Our project developed regression models that was predictive of dermal absorption in various classes of industrial metal working fluids (MWFs). We then attempted to validate these trends in vivo with variable success. The primary objective of this research was to quantify chemical mixture interactions that are extrapolatable from solvatochromatic parameters associated with linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). LSER is a powerful approach to assess the similarity and differences in the intermolecular forces associated with interactions between multi-phasic systems (e.g., skin and MWF formulation), and can by extension be used to examine intermolecular forces or chemical mechanisms associated with transdermal diffusion of solutes in a chemical mixtures environment. This LSER approach allows for quantifying and comparing mixture induced changes in a viable skin membrane and our MCF approach for screening. The membrane coated fiber (MCF) approach was limited to one MCF, PDMS fiber which closely reflects skin than the other MCFs. This approach was able to identify significant MWF formulation effects and concentration effects for limited number of solutes; the former was anticipated but we did not anticipate the latter. Using a series of flow-through diffusion experiments, we were able to develop for the first time a robust QSAR model for predicting skin absorption in the three most widely used MWFs. We were also able to validate to a limited extent some of these findings in an in vivo pig model. The information from these series of experiments should provide MWF manufacturer and workers who use these MWF, which formulations are more likely to increase skin absorption and with some knowledge of the physicochemical properties of the various MWF additives, which additives such as biocides are more likely to penetrate human skin. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Hazardous Substances Manufacturing And Industrial Facilities Occupational Health Safety Skin
• Keywords:
  Biocides Chemical Hazards Chemical Manufacturing Industry Chemical Structure Dermal Absorption Dermal Exposures Metalworking Fluids MWFs Physiological Effects Skin Exposure
• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-42
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20053132
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB2019-100124
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, R01-OH-003669, 2016 Feb; :1-42
• Contact Point Address:
  Ronald E. Baynes, Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• NORA Priority Area:
  Disease and Injury: Allergic and Irritant Dermatitis ; Manufacturing
• Performing Organization:
  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20000801
• Source Full Name:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• End Date:
  20150731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6145cdf45ccac78d97eff0f057fb292b277817126114c0fcfc97a1a5754a094117fd12effaeac4f1cbedb7b0f32c6062e1f14a35fa1e54ffd783101f315eb7c9
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/218749/cdc_218749_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 845.70 KB ]