An Integrated Approach Toward Understanding the Toxicity of Inhaled Nanomaterials

Details

• Personal Author:
  Grassian VH ; O'Shaughnessy P ; Thorne P
• Description:
  Manufactured nanomaterials are found in cosmetics, lotions, coatings, and used in environmental remediation applications. There exists a large opportunity for exposure through many different routes making it necessary to study the health implications of these materials. Since it is well known that ultrafine particles are associated with health problems, in occupational settings, there may be associated risks with the production of nanomaterials. Furthermore, a majority of reports indicate that exposure by inhalation is the greatest hazard faced by workers in the nanotechnology industry. The studies funded by NIOSH are focused on inhalation toxicity. In particular, an integrated approach that includes both inhalation toxicology studies and full characterization of the nanomaterials is necessary for understanding inflammatory responses as they relate to the physicochemical principles of nanoparticle toxicity. This approach is used to assess the potential toxic effects associated with the inhalation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using a murine model for lung inflammation, histopathology, and dosimetry. These studies have contributed by providing new information from several different perspectives that will be useful in improvements in occupational safety and health. The central hypothesis tested in this work was that nanoparticle physicochemical properties differ widely among particle types and certain properties induce adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that nanoparticle toxicity is influenced by the susceptibility of the individual as well as the presence of other inflammatory substances. Because of the nature of the interdisciplinary team that we have brought together, along with our expertise in nanoscience and nanotechnology, we have shown that it is important to approach these studies with well-understood materials so that the best information can be gained as it relates to occupational safety and health. Second, we have determined from a range of materials investigated, including titanium dioxide, silver, copper and iron nanoparticles as well as aluminum oxide nanowhiskers, that copper nanoparticles show the greatest response in mice models of inflammation. This conclusion is based on measurements that include total cell and differential cell counts and cytokines measured in lavaged lung fluid. Importantly, this research provides a framework for determining relative hazards of commonly manufactured nanomaterials so that workers in the nanotechnology industry can be aware of materials that are problematic and where particular care must be taken to insure worker safety. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aluminum Compounds Aluminum Oxide Animals Copper Environmental Exposure Ferrous Compounds Hazardous Substances Laboratories Metals Occupational Health Radiation Dosimeters Respiratory System Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Silver Titanium

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• Keywords:
  Aluminum Oxide Cytokines Dosimetry Exposure Levels Hazards Histopathology Inhalation Iron Iron Compounds Laboratory Animals Metal Compounds Metal Oxides Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Risk Factors Silver Compounds Titanium Dioxide Toxic Effects Toxins Ultrafine Particles Ultrafine Particulates

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• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-28
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048397
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB2016-104197
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, R01-OH-009448, 2015 Apr; :1-28
• Contact Point Address:
  Vick H. Grassian, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental and Occupational Hygiene, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242
• Email:
  vicki-grassian@uiowa.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Alumina (CAS RN 1344-28-1) ; Copper (CAS RN 7440-50-8) ; Iron (CAS RN 7439-89-6) ; Silver (CAS RN 7440-22-4) ; Titania (CAS RN 13463-67-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of Iowa
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20080401
• Source Full Name:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• End Date:
  20120331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f8ce48782dfb8bb05b1acf611c37cd2ba44c934c5a31795fcae6878c2c2432132ec867fd4fe3102c3460aaaf359e42edd10061033fd5a7e7745310fa67a4abb6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/218646/cdc_218646_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.32 MB ]