Childhood Leukemia: Electric and Magnetic Fields as Possible Risk Factors

Details

• Personal Author:
  Brain JD ; Kavet R ; McCormick DL ; Poole C ; Silverman LB ; Smith, Thomas J. ; Valberg PA ; Van Etten RA ; Weaver JC
• Description:
  Numerous epidemiologic studies have reported associations between measures of power-line electric or magnetic fields (EMFs) and childhood leukemia. The basis for such associations remains unexplained. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents approximately three-quarters of all U.S. leukemia types. Some risk factors for childhood leukemia have been established, and others are suspected. Pathogenesis, as investigated in animal models, is consistent with the multistep model of acute leukemia development. Studies of carcinogenicity in animals, however, are overwhelmingly negative and do not support the hypothesis that EMF exposure is a significant risk factor for hematopoietic neoplasia. We may fail to observe effects from EMFs because, from a mechanistic perspective, the effects of EMFs on biology are very weak. Cells and organs function despite many sources of chemical "noise" (e.g., stochastic, temperature, concentration, mechanical, and electrical noise), which exceed the induced EMF "signal" by a large factor. However, the inability to detect EMF effects in bioassay systems may be caused by the choice made for "EMF exposure." "Contact currents" or "contact voltages" have been proposed as a novel exposure metric, because their magnitude is related to measured power-line magnetic fields. A contact current occurs when a person touches two conductive surfaces at different voltages. Modeled analyses support contact currents as a plausible metric because of correlations with residential magnetic fields and opportunity for exposure. The possible role of contact currents as an explanatory variable in the reported associations between EMFs and childhood leukemia will need to be clarified by further measurements, biophysical analyses, bioassay studies, and epidemiology. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Carcinogens Electricity Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Laboratories Neoplasms Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Childhood Leukemia Biological Function Cancer Carcinogenicity Cell Function Cellular Function Children Contact Currents Contact Voltages Electrical Fields Electric And Magnetic Fields EMF Etiology Exposure Levels Health Effects Hematopoietic System Humans Laboratory Animals Lymphatic Cancer Magnetic Fields Models Pathogenesis Review Risk Factors

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• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Illinois ; Massachusetts ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  111
• Issue:
  7
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054405
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2003 Jun; 111(7):962-970
• Contact Point Address:
  P.A. Valberg, Gradient Corp., 238 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142
• Email:
  pvalberg@gradientcorp.com
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2003
• Performing Organization:
  Harvard School of Public Health
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20030701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20050630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b4f115c5240524c7a39e81a943bf5afec6d06b91235d165600b30abee82bc187377bcc7d953da52b47a48f808f786542b32814162399132d5a97b9639a1fd55b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216981/cdc_216981_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 152.68 KB ]