Associations of Mobile Source Air Pollution During the First Year of Life with Childhood Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis, and Otitis Media

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bates JT ; Darrow LA ; Hansen C ; Kennedy CM ; Klein, Matthew K. ; Pennington AF ; Russell AG ; Strickland MJ ; Tolbert PE ; Zhai X
• Description:
  Background: Exposure to pollution from motor vehicles in early life may increase susceptibility to common pediatric infections. Methods: We estimated associations between residential exposure to primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) from traffic during the first year of life and incident pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and otitis media events by age two years in 22,441 children from the Kaiser Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma Study, a retrospective birth cohort of children born during 2000-2010 and insured by Kaiser Permanente Georgia. Time to first clinical diagnosis of each outcome was defined using medical records. Exposure to traffic pollutants was based on observation-calibrated estimates from A Research LINE-source dispersion model for near surface releases (RLINE) and child residential histories. Associations were modeled using Cox proportional hazards models, with exposure as a continuous linear variable, a natural-log transformed continuous variable, and categorized by quintiles. Results: During follow-up 2,181 children were diagnosed with pneumonia, 5,533 with bronchiolitis, and 14,373 with otitis media. We observed positive associations between early-life traffic exposures and all three outcomes; confidence intervals were widest for pneumonia as it was the least common outcome. For example, adjusted hazard ratios for a 1-unit increase in NOx on the natural log scale (a 2.7-fold increase) were 1.19 (95% CI 1.12, 1.27) for bronchiolitis, 1.17 (1.12, 1.22) for otitis media, and 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) for pneumonia. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for modest, positive associations between exposure to traffic emissions and common pediatric infections during early childhood. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution Asthma Asthma, Occupational Automobiles Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety

  More +
• Keywords:
  Airborne Particles Air Pollution Author Keywords: Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Children Environmental Exposure Motor Vehicles Otitis Media Particulates Pneumonia Traffic

  More +
• ISSN:
  2474-7882
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; Nevada ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Tennessee
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  2
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20053002
• Citation:
  Environ Epidemiol 2018 Mar; 2(1):e007
• Contact Point Address:
  Matthew J. Strickland, 1664 N. Virginia Street, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno\0275, Reno, NV 89557
• Email:
  mstrickland@unr.edu.Caitlin
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• Performing Organization:
  Emory University, Atlanta
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20180630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a84ad1464d913e3f442db39686bdfe918530acaa4ca20c5691eacdf2270ef143713c96c7b25740b58a355ba13c8963c6b65543b5d3c3229af3c43993f3d79cd8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215872/cdc_215872_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 454.38 KB ]