Thermal Runaway Pressures as a Function of Free Space in Sealed Containers for Lithium Titanate Cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barone T ; Brown CB ; Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. Jr. ; Thomas RA ; Barone T ; Brown CB ; Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. Jr. ; Thomas RA
• Description:
  Electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are being developed by mining vehicle manufacturers as a replacement for diesel-powered vehicles. Explosion-proof (XP) enclosures are frequently employed to enclose electrical ignition sources in gaseous underground mines to prevent the spread of an internal methane-air explosion to a nearby explosive atmosphere. Due to thermal runaway (TR), Li-ion batteries have the potential to cause pressurized explosions in an enclosed structure. Past research has shown the potential for well-confined Li-ion cell TR to drive pressures beyond the conventional pressure specification for XP enclosures. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) used an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) to induce thermal runaway of Lithium Titanate or Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) type 18650 cells enclosed within containers with various volumes and found an inverse power relationship between the TR pressure and available free space. The results were similar in magnitude to that of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells, which were used in prior testing. Temperatures, gas amounts, and TR pressure-rise rates were also recorded. The data indicate that with enough free space, the pressures can be lowered below the conventional pressure specification for XP enclosures. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Automobiles Mining Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Batteries Explosion Protection Mine Gases Mining Industry Motor Vehicles Underground Mines
• Series:
  Mining Publications   ; Mining Publications  
• Publisher:
  Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME)
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Proceedings ; Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  PMRD - Pittsburgh Mining Research Division ; PMRD - Pittsburgh Mining Research Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-10
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20069461
• Citation:
  MineXchange: 2024 SME Annual Conference & Expo, February 25-28, 2024, Phoenix, Arizona, preprint 24-087. Englewood, CO: Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2024 Feb; :1-10
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2024
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  MineXchange: 2024 SME Annual Conference & Expo, February 25-28, 2024, Phoenix, Arizona, preprint 24-087
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d2bdc450c06acb03f5b494532d4926135c0bd7a9df1f8ac007001c0633ff5717de98f7b26b76feed8c8da7ce415a86b9f7e9951e71a2836fa74ea2960bbcf4d5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215688/cdc_215688_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.35 MB ]