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HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009

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  • Alternative Title:
    HIV Surveillance Report; Vol. 21: Diagnoses of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009
  • Personal Author:
  • Corporate Authors:
  • Description:
    Commentary: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects, analyzes, and disseminates surveillance data on HIV infection and AIDS; these data are one of the nation’s primary sources of information on the HIV epidemic. The annual surveillance report, published by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP), summarizes information about diagnosed HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas. HIV surveillance data are used by CDC’s public health partners in other federal agencies, health departments, nonprofit organizations, academic institutions, and the general public to help focus prevention efforts, plan services, allocate resources, develop policy, and monitor the HIV epidemic.

    The presentation of 2009 data emphasizes the date of diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS (diagnosis as of December 31, 2009; reported to CDC as of June 30, 2010), not the date of report to CDC. The term diagnosis of HIV infection refers to a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of the person’s AIDS status at the time of diagnosis. Until recently, data were presented by date of report, reflecting reporting practices; that is, the information may have been reported months or years after the date of diagnosis. HIV data by year of diagnosis more closely approximate the date of infection and are thus one of the best markers of trends in the epidemic. However, HIV diagnoses do not necessarily represent new infections (incidence): some persons were infected recently, and others were infected at some time in the past. Because of reporting delays, the actual numbers of cases diagnosed in a given year may be higher than the numbers of diagnoses of HIV infection (unadjusted) presented for recent years; however, the numbers of diagnoses for a calendar year typically stabilize after 2 to 3 years of reporting.

    Where indicated, counts of diagnoses and deaths have been statistically adjusted (estimated) to correct for delays in reporting. Because states implemented confidential name-based reporting at different times, the areas included in estimates of numbers and rates of diagnoses of HIV infection are based on the date of implementation of confidential name-based HIV infection reporting. Although all states had successfully implemented confidential name-based HIV infection reporting by April 2008, a national comparison of HIV diagnosis rates will not be possible until the 2012 surveillance report, when all states will have mature HIV reporting systems.

    This report includes estimated numbers and rates of diagnoses of HIV infection based on data from the 45 areas (40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) that have had confidential name-based HIV infection reporting for a sufficient length of time (i.e., since at least January 2006) to allow for stabilization of data collection and for adjustment of the data in order to monitor trends. This report marks the first time that HIV diagnosis data from Illinois, Maine, and Pennsylvania have been included in the estimates of diagnoses of HIV infection. According to the cumulative estimated number of AIDS diagnoses through 2009, these 40 states represent approximately 75% of AIDS diagnoses in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

    From 2006 through 2009, the annual estimated number and rate of diagnoses of HIV infection remained stable in the 40 states. Estimated numbers and rates of diagnoses of HIV infection increased in some subgroups and decreased in others. Variations in trends between groups may be due to changes in testing behaviors, reporting differences over time, or possibly, changes in the numbers of new HIV infections in certain subgroups. HIV incidence surveillance data can provide a good indication of changes in trends in the numbers of new HIV infections.

    The map on the cover depicts the estimated rates (per 100,000 population) of adults and adolescents living with a diagnosis of HIV infection at the end of 2008, by area of residence, for persons residing in the 40 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006 (data for the most recent year were excluded in order to allow at least 18 months for deaths to be reported and factored into calculations of persons living with HIV infection—see Technical Notes). As shown on the map, the highest rates of persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection were in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

    The analyses of AIDS diagnoses were based on data from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas. For trends in AIDS diagnoses, tables of data for the most recent 4-year period include the cumulative totals through 2009 for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas.

    The 2009 HIV Surveillance Report is organized into 4 sections: 1. Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS; 2. Deaths and survival of persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS; 3. Persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS; and, 4. HIV infection and AIDS data, by state and metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

    Sections 1–3 (Tables 1a/b–18a/b) present trends in numbers (statistically adjusted and unadjusted) and rates (adjusted) of diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS, deaths of persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS, and persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS. Section 4 (Tables 19–24) presents numbers (adjusted and unadjusted) and rates (adjusted) of diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS and persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS, by state and MSA. Numerical rankings, based on rates of diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS, are provided by MSA. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas had implemented confidential name-based HIV infection reporting by April 2008. These 56 areas are represented in the columns of unadjusted numbers in Tables 19 and 21, presenting diagnoses of HIV infection and persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection (respectively). Because these numbers have not been adjusted for reporting delays, they should be viewed as minimums.

    The tables in the 2009 report present data in 2 formats. Tables in the first format—labeled “a”—exclude data from the dependent areas (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Tables in the second format—labeled “b”—include data from the dependent areas.

    Readers are encouraged to read all titles and footnotes carefully to ensure a complete understanding of the data being presented.

  • Subjects:
  • Keywords:
  • Series:
    HIV Surveillance Report
  • Subseries:
    HIVSR
  • Publisher:
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (U.S.)
  • Document Type:
    Text
  • Genre:
  • Place as Subject:
  • Rights:
    Public Domain
  • CIO:
    National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP)
  • Division:
    DHP - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
  • Topic:
    Diseases & Conditions
  • Location:
    North America
  • Pages in Document:
    79 pdf pages
  • Volume:
    21
  • Citation:
    Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2009; vol. 21. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/. Published February 2011. Accessed [date].
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  • Main Document Checksum:
    urn:sha-512:e88203196ba7c4525b2800ae898c5f588eeaa5c32dfa7c1591f24abf3f66fa358d5c19bfc61eb76ea604f9b9cc6809b28fad88be6f1b6fd6adf4be33d205d25a
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  • File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.09 MB ]
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