Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vapor-Phase and PM2.5 in Southern California Urban and Rural Communities

Details

• Personal Author:
  Avol E ; Eiguren-Fernandez A ; Froines JR ; Miguel AH ; Thurairatnam S
• Description:
  Fifteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in two rural communities (Atascadero and Lompoc) located several hundred km northwest of Los Angeles and in four urban communities 40-100 km downwind of Los Angeles (San Dimas, Upland, Mira Loma, and Riverside), during all seasons, from May 2001 to July 2002. PM2.5 and vapor-phase PAHs were collected, on prebaked quartz fiber filters and PUF-XAD-4 resin, respectively, at 113 LPM, during 24 h periods, every eighth day, and quantified by HPLC-Fluorescence. At all sites vapor-phase PAHs contained > 99.9% of the total PAH mass and were dominated by naphthalene (NAP), which varied from about 60 ng m - 3 in Lompoc, a community with light traffic, to approx. 580 ng m - 3 in Riverside, a community traversed by approx. 200,000 vehicles day- 1. During summer pollution episodes in urban sites, NAP concentrations reached 7-30 times annual averages. Except for summer episodes, concentrations of low MW PAHs showed small seasonal variations (approx. 2 times higher in winter). Similar concentrations of particle-phase PAHs were observed at all sites except for Lompoc. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BGP), a marker of gasoline exhaust emissions, showed the highest concentration among particle-phase PAHs, varying from 23.3 pg m-3 in Lompoc to 193 pg m-3 in Mira Loma. Benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, found exclusively in the particle phase, were much higher in urban sites (approx. 40-100 pg m-3), than in Lompoc (approx. 12 pg m-3). Winter particle-phase PAHs were 2 to 14 times higher than summer levels. Particle-phase PAHs were negatively correlated with mean air temperature in urban sites (r = -0.50 to -0.75), probably resulting from surface inversions occurring during winter. The data suggest that in Southern California vehicular exhaust emissions are a major contributor to particle-phase PAHs. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution Automobiles Hydrocarbons Occupational Health Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Safety Vehicle Emissions
• Keywords:
  Air Pollution Air Pollution Sampling Automotive Emissions Automotive Exhausts Emission Sources Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Seasonal Factors
• ISSN:
  0278-6826
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  447-455
• Volume:
  38
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20057859
• Citation:
  Aerosol Sci Technol 2004 May; 38(5):447-455
• Contact Point Address:
  Antonio H. Miguel, Southern California Particle Center and Supersite, Institute of the Environment, University of California, CHS 51.297, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
• Email:
  ahmiguel@ucla.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2004
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19990701
• Source Full Name:
  Aerosol Science and Technology
• End Date:
  20040630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:50e7314abdd9e2f40485e08efbf44eea06ef435b18d444412ad7f19b9b69d2bc6c545260dfd2ad3474c88a264f76dc7e09d59f31103a68b13ee673897b94f0e8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215066/cdc_215066_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.22 MB ]