Ultrafine Particle Infiltration into Passenger Vehicles. Part I: Experimental Evidence

Details

• Personal Author:
  Lee ES ; Stenstrom MK ; Zhu Y
• Description:
  Previous studies have reported ultrafine particle (UFP) infiltration to the in-cabin microenvironment; however, no systematic measurements have been conducted showing where and under what conditions infiltration occurs. This study examined the automotive envelope leakage and UFP infiltration. We measured the differential pressures between the cabin and the potential leakage area on the surface of 11 passenger vehicles of different models/makers. To identify location of infiltration, UFP concentrations were concurrently measured inside and outside the vehicles as well as near the rear trunks. This study found that UFP infiltration primarily occurs through the rear trunk leakage under recirculation (RC) mode. Under RC mode, aerodynamic effects of a moving vehicle made the surface pressure on the side doors lower (i.e., exfiltration) than the cabin pressure, but higher (i.e., infiltration) on the rear trunk. The UFP concentrations measured near the rear trunks were 2-9 folds higher than inside vehicles. The magnitude of pressure differences increased at higher driving speeds. Under outdoor air (OA) mode, the infiltration was rarely observed because of the fan-controlled cabin pressurization. These data provide the first experimental evidence showing that UFP infiltration into passenger vehicles is location-specific and driving-speed-dependent. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Air Pollution
  • Automobiles
  • Filtration
  • Occupational Health
  • Particulate Matter
  • Safety
• Keywords:
  • Air pollution
  • Ultrafine particles
  • Particulates
  • Automotive emissions
  • Filtration
  • Drivers
  • Author Keywords: Ultrafine particle
  • Infiltration
  • Leakage
  • In-cabin
  More +
• ISSN:
  1361-9209
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  156-165
• Volume:
  38
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055767
• Citation:
  Transp Res D Transp Environ 2015 Jul; 38:156-165
• Contact Point Address:
  Yifang Zhu, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
• Email:
  Yifang@ucla.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• Performing Organization:
  University of California Los Angeles
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
• End Date:
  20270630
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213543/cdc_213543_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 579.54 KB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fdc0bcbb7fca3fcad5211640a3d516347c00b0ab82493b4cc08561449a41d875b07efa1f653c3c68a0b000015400b17199b74c3c75467edc2d120a340252b19f