Total Particle Number Emissions from Modern Diesel, Natural Gas, and Hybrid Heavy-Duty Vehicles During On-Road Operation

Details

• Personal Author:
  Hu S ; Huai T ; Lee ES ; Pradhan S ; Quiros DC ; Thiruvengadam A ; Wang T ; Zhu Y
• Description:
  Particle emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have significant environmental and public health impacts. This study measured total particle number emission factors (PNEFs) from six newly certified HDVs powered by diesel and compressed natural gas totaling over 6800 miles of on-road operation in California. Distance-, fuel- and work-based PNEFs were calculated for each vehicle. Distance-based PNEFs of vehicles equipped with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in this study have decreased by 355-3200 times compared to a previous retrofit DPF dynamometer study. Fuel-based PNEFs were consistent with previous studies measuring plume exhaust in the ambient air. Meanwhile, on-road PNEF shows route and technology dependence. For vehicles with OEM DPFs and Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems, PNEFs under highway driving (i.e., 3.34 × 1012 to 2.29 × 10^13 particles/mile) were larger than those measured on urban and drayage routes (i.e., 5.06 × 1011 to 1.31 × 10^13 particles/mile). This is likely because a significant amount of nucleation mode volatile particles were formed when the DPF outlet temperature reached a critical value, usually over 310 degrees C, which was commonly achieved when vehicle speed sustained over 45 mph. A model year 2013 diesel HDV produced approximately 10 times higher PNEFs during DPF active regeneration events than nonactive regeneration. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Occupational Health Particulate Matter Safety Vehicle Emissions
• Keywords:
  Automotive Emissions Diesel Emissions Diesel Exhausts Exhaust Gases Heavy Equipment Particulates
• ISSN:
  0013-936X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  51
• Issue:
  12
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055739
• Citation:
  Environ Sci Technol 2017 Jun; 51(12):6990-6998
• Contact Point Address:
  Yifang Zhu, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
• Email:
  yifang@ucla.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• Performing Organization:
  University of California Los Angeles
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Science and Technology
• End Date:
  20270630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a5c843a02b9a5fb98798a2821c0d5a6dc3d7f35e25678034afb1ea879d10c2a7d1bb4114b85afe5adabdc6cd9b7b211e819448feef2d68f6d348d0cba604be0f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213520/cdc_213520_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.16 MB ]