Neurotoxicity in Preclinical Models of Occupational Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds

Details

• Personal Author:
  Lein PJ ; Pieper AA ; Rohlman DS ; Voorhees JR
• Description:
  Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are widely used as insecticides, plasticizers, and fuel additives. These compounds potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine at neuronal synapses, and acute exposure to high OP levels can cause cholinergic crisis in humans and animals. Evidence further suggests that repeated exposure to lower OP levels insufficient to cause cholinergic crisis, frequently encountered in the occupational setting, also pose serious risks to people. For example, multiple epidemiological studies have identified associations between occupational OP exposure and neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric illness, and sensorimotor deficits. Rigorous scientific investigation of the basic science mechanisms underlying these epidemiological findings requires valid preclinical models in which tightly-regulated exposure paradigms can be correlated with neurotoxicity. Here, we review the experimental models of occupational OP exposure currently used in the field. We found that animal studies simulating occupational OP exposures do indeed show evidence of neurotoxicity, and that utilization of these models is helping illuminate the mechanisms underlying OP-induced neurological sequelae. Still, further work is necessary to evaluate exposure levels, protection methods, and treatment strategies, which taken together could serve to modify guidelines for improving workplace conditions globally. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Insecticides Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Occupational Health Organophosphates Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Neurotoxicity Exposure Assessment Neurological Disorders Neurotoxic Agents Neurotoxic Effects Organophosphate Ester Pesticides Organophosphate Pesticides Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds Organophosphorus Pesticides Pesticides And Agricultural Chemicals

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• ISSN:
  1662-4548
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Iowa ; OSHA Region 7 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  10
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055384
• Citation:
  Front Neurosci 2017 Jan; 10:590
• Contact Point Address:
  Jaymie R.Voorhees, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
• Email:
  jaymie-voorhees@uiowa.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Iowa, Iowa City
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  Frontiers in Neuroscience
• End Date:
  20270929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9dcd5eec330bea3000b8fcc2ed152d8206ceebb917ca531147e2da5ecb668f6ffdc2d44065e255c71058841ac8fad01c017af55b3c641dd8de42e0d138a81c4d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213253/cdc_213253_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 696.29 KB ]