In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity of a Stainless-Steel Aerosol Generated During Thermal Spray Coating (Dataset)

Details

• Corporate Authors:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Description:
  Thermal spray coating is an industrial process where molten metal is sprayed onto a surface as a protective coat at high velocity. Using acellular, in vitro, and in vivo models, the toxicity of these aerosols was evaluated. An automated electric arc wire thermal spray coating aerosol generator and inhalation exposure system were developed to simulate an occupational exposure in an experimental model. Using the inhalation system, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to stainless steel PMET720 aerosols at 25 mg/m3 x 4 hr/d x 9 d. Lung injury, inflammation, and cytokine alteration were determined. Resolution of the response was assessed by evaluating these parameters at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. The aerosols generated were also collected and characterized. Macrophages were exposed to 0 - 200 µg/ml of the collected particles to determine cytotoxicity and screened for known mechanisms of toxicity. Other metal particles similar in composition and morphology, gas metal arc (GMA-SS) and manual metal arc (MMA-SS) stainless steel, were used as particle controls. The influence of pressure used during the process on the toxicity profile of the generated aerosols also was assessed and found to be minimal. The PMET720 thermal spray coating particles exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity and membrane damage only at the highest dose tested. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) showed the PMET720 particles to have oxidative stress potential and caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular oxidative stress. There also was a dose-dependent increase in NF-kB/AP-1 activity. Treatment with uptake inhibitors showed that the PMET720 particles were internalized via clathrin- and caveolar-mediated endocytosis as wells as actin-dependent pinocytosis/phagocytosis. In most of the cell assays, the two welding fume control particles generated a greater response compared to the PMET720 particles. In vivo, lung damage, inflammation and alteration in cytokines were observed 1 day after inhalation exposure, and this response returned to air control exposure levels by day 7. Alveolar macrophages retained the particulate even after 28 days after exposure. The results suggest that compared to stainless steel welding fumes, the PMET 720 aerosols were less potent, and the animals recovered from the acute pulmonary toxicity induced after 7 days. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aerosols Animals Cytotoxins Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety
• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Cellular Effects Cytotoxicity Inhalation In Vitro Study In Vivo Study Occupational Exposure Protective Coatings Spraying Equipment Sprays Stainless Steel

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• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHRD-1045-2022-0
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Dataset
• Genre:
  Research Dataset
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20066090
• Citation:
  Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Research Dataset RD-1045-2022-0, 2022 Sep; :dataset
• Contact Point Address:
  Department of Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane Mailstop 2015, Morgantown, WV 26508. 304.285.6266
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  In vivo and in vitro toxicity of a stainless-steel aerosol generated during thermal spray coating
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a867e7b127bd9564671a67a7ad9c032015289f44e03e71c191c757ec81ac8256702afc524ff398de4b937adade1d35e508fc2b38a6d6cfd16537796ad5445118
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/212608/cdc_212608_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 137.14 KB ]