Crude Oil Vapor Effects upon Airway Epithelial Ion Transport and Lung Function in the Rat

Details

• Personal Author:
  Thompson JA
• Description:
  Crude oil vapor (COV) is a mixture of hydrocarbon vapors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Workers in the oil and gas industry are potentially exposed to COV while conducting routine tasks such as manual sampling, gauging and filling crude oil storage tanks from oil tanker trucks. The effects of COV inhalation exposure on the pulmonary system are unknown. Previously, we found there were no significant changes in pulmonary function or airway epithelial ion transport after acute inhalation exposure to COV (300 ppm total VOCs, 6 h/d, 1 d). In the current study, the effects of a sub-chronic inhalation exposure of COV on lung function and epithelial ion transport were investigated. Rats in whole body chambers were exposed to 300 ppm total VOCs for 28 d. Experimental endpoints were measured at 18 h, 28 and 90 d post-exposure. Total VOCs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene concentrations were monitored and regulated during exposures to maintain concentration constancy. Transepithelial potential difference (Vt), transepithelial resistance (Rt), and short-circuit current (ISC) were measured in tracheas mounted in Ussing chambers and treated with the ion transport inhibitors amiloride (Na+ channel blocker; apical), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB; Cl- channel blocker; apical), and ouabain (Na+,K+-pump blocker; basolateral). Compared to air-breathing controls, the ISC response to NPPB was increased significantly at 28 d post-exposure, indicating an increase in Cl- transport in the airway epithelium. There were no changes in Vt or Rt at 18 h or 28 d post-exposure. Lung resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh) were measured in anesthetized rats. COV significantly increased basal RL compared to air-breathing controls at 90 d post-exposure. There was no effect of COV on basal Cdyn or reactivity to inhaled MCh at any time point. Our results indicate that sub-chronic exposure to COV changes airway ion transport and pulmonary function. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Benzene Environmental Exposure Laboratories Lung Methacholine Compounds Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Solvents Toluene Toxicology Volatile Organic Compounds Xylenes

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• Keywords:
  Airway Resistance Crude Oil Ethylbenzene Exposure Assessment Exposure Chambers Exposure Levels Inhalation Ion Transport Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Lung Function Methacholines Oil Vapors Pulmonary Function Toxic Effects Toxic Vapors Vapors VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds Volatiles Xylene

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  162
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20051266
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2018 Mar; 162(1):433
• CAS Registry Number:
  Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2) ; Ethylbenzene (CAS RN 100-41-4) ; Methacholine (CAS RN 55-92-5) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3) ; Xylene (CAS RN 1330-20-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 57th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 11-15, 2018, San Antonio, Texas
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bb6f1b299f083451496c818edd640a447480839484607976effc096794101431a137abb14b8b0a5fe087cea3d175b641917d574d66318dd94c1fa08f02fa794e
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211323/cdc_211323_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 833.00 KB ]