MicroRNA Regulation of Host Immune Responses Following Fungal Exposure

Details

• Personal Author:
  Beezhold, Donald H. ; Croston TL ; Green, Brett J. ; Lemons, Angela R.
• Description:
  Fungal bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure can result in a variety of health effects ranging from systemic, subcutaneous, and cutaneous infections to respiratory morbidity including allergy, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Recent research has focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) following fungal exposure and is overlooked, yet important, group of regulators capable of influencing fungal immune responses through a variety of cellular mechanisms. These small non-coding ribose nucleic acids function to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been shown to participate in multiple disease pathways including cancer, heart disease, apoptosis, as well as immune responses to microbial hazards and occupational allergens. Recent animal model studies have characterized miRNAs following the exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Studies focused on microbial exposure, including bacterial infections, as well as exposure to different allergens have shown miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-146, miR-132, miR-155, and the let-7 family members, to be involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the few studies have assessed that the miRNA profiles following fungal exposure have identified the same critical miRNAs that have been characterized in other inflammatory-mediated and allergy-induced experimental models. Review of available in vitro, animal and human studies of exposures to Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Stachybotrys chartarum identified several miRNAs that were shared between responses to these species including miR-125 a/b (macrophage polarization/ activation), miR-132 [toll-like receptor (TLR)2-mediated signaling], miR-146a (TLR mediated signaling, alternative macrophage activation), and miR-29a/b (natural killer cell function, C-leptin signaling, inhibition of Th1 immune response). Although these datasets provide preliminary insight into the role of miRNAs in fungal exposed models, interpretation of miRNA datasets can be challenging for researchers. To assist in navigating this rapidly evolving field, the aim of this review is to describe miRNAs in the framework of host recognition mechanisms and provide initial insight into the regulatory pathways in response to fungal exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Asthma Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Environmental Exposure Fungi Genetics Hypersensitivity Laboratories Lung Diseases Neoplasms Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety

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• Keywords:
  Allergens Aspergillus Infection Author Keywords: Fungal Exposure Bacterial Infections Bioaerosols Bronchial Asthma Cancer Cell Function Diseases Exposure Levels Genes Hazards Health Effects Heart Disease Immune Response Infectious Agents Inflammatory Response In Vitro Studies Laboratory Animals MicroRNA Models Nucleic Acids Pneumonitis Pulmonary System Disorders Respiratory Infections Respiratory System Disorders Risk Factors

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• ISSN:
  1664-3224
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20051076
• Citation:
  Front Immunol 2018 Feb; 9:170
• Contact Point Address:
  Tara L. Croston, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  xzu9@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2018
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance ; Services
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Frontiers in Immunology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bc5e8bb2c960ce8c8a9cef187a6eda64360a9c046e94ad18d5a20dabbb57d3e883af8ad1bece9d2d48305d7d97eaf1149822076ccbb71795c9636a10ed39e9c4
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/211202/cdc_211202_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 808.06 KB ]