Theoretical Modeling of a Portable X-Ray Tube Based KXRF System to Measure Lead in Bone

Details

• Personal Author:
  Nie LH ; Specht AJ ; Weisskopf MG
• Description:
  Objective: K-shell x-ray fluorescence (KXRF) techniques have been used to identify health effects resulting from exposure to metals for decades, but the equipment is bulky and requires significant maintenance and licensing procedures. A portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) device was developed to overcome these disadvantages, but introduced a measurement dependency on soft tissue thickness. With recent advances to detector technology, an XRF device utilizing the advantages of both systems should be feasible. Approach: In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to test the feasibility of an XRF device with a high-energy x-ray tube and detector operable at room temperature. Main Results: We first validated the use of Monte Carlo N-particle transport code (MCNP) for x-ray tube simulations, and found good agreement between experimental and simulated results. Then, we optimized x-ray tube settings and found the detection limit of the high-energy x-ray tube based XRF device for bone lead measurements to be 6.91 ug g-1 bone mineral using a cadmium zinc telluride detector. Significance: In conclusion, this study validated the use of MCNP in simulations of x-ray tube physics and XRF applications, and demonstrated the feasibility of a high-energy x-ray tube based XRF for metal exposure assessment. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Energy Metabolism Environmental Exposure Lead Metals Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: X-ray Fluorescence Bone Disorders Bone Lead Exposure Assessmentl Exposure Levels Health Effects In Vivo In Vivo Study Measurement Equipment Metabolism Metal Compounds Metallic Compounds Metals Models Risk Factors Tissue Culture X-ray Fluorescence Analysis X-rays XRF

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• ISSN:
  0967-3334
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Indiana ; Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  38
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20050709
• Citation:
  Physiol Meas 2017 Mar; 38(3):575-585
• Email:
  aspecht@purdue.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• Performing Organization:
  Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20120701
• Source Full Name:
  Physiological Measurement
• End Date:
  20150630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:25a94ed23321a7e5d36867e9d84d09810a372cc4430785c5b1b385bae4d2e2fa4007ba417811e50822c313958d3442f88c55c8b24ef8c4feca6a007204ab4c04
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/210950/cdc_210950_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 7.29 MB ]