The Association Between Childhood Adversities and Subsequent First Onset of Psychotic Experiences: A Cross-National Analysis of 23 998 Respondents from 17 Countries

Details

• Personal Author:
  Aguilar-Gaxiola S ; Al-Hamzawi A ; Alonso J ; Bromet EJ ; Bruffaerts R ; de Girolamo G ; de Jonge P ; Esan O ; Florescu S ; Gureje O ; Haro JM ; Hu C ; Karam EG ; Kendler KS ; Kessler RC ; Kovess-Masfety V ; Lee, Stephen A. ; Lepine JP ; Lim CCW ; McGrath JJ ; McLaughlin KA ; Medina-Mora ME ; Mneimneh Z ; Pennell BE ; Piazza M ; Posada-Villa J ; Saha S ; Sampson N ; Viana MC ; Xavier M
• Description:
  Although there is robust evidence linking childhood adversities (CAs) and an increased risk for psychotic experiences (PEs), little is known about whether these associations vary across the life-course and whether mental disorders that emerge prior to PEs explain these associations. We assessed CAs, PEs and DSM-IV mental disorders in 23,998 adults in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to investigate the associations between CAs and PEs, and the influence of mental disorders on these associations using multivariate logistic models. Exposure to CAs was common, and those who experienced any CAs had increased odds of later PEs [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-2.6]. CAs reflecting maladaptive family functioning (MFF), including abuse, neglect, and parent maladjustment, exhibited the strongest associations with PE onset in all life-course stages. Sexual abuse exhibited a strong association with PE onset during childhood (OR 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.2), whereas Other CA types were associated with PE onset in adolescence. Associations of other CAs with PEs disappeared in adolescence after adjustment for prior-onset mental disorders. The population attributable risk proportion (PARP) for PEs associated with all CAs was 31% (24% for MFF). Exposure to CAs is associated with PE onset throughout the life-course, although sexual abuse is most strongly associated with childhood-onset PEs. The presence of mental disorders prior to the onset of PEs does not fully explain these associations. The large PARPs suggest that preventing CAs could lead to a meaningful reduction in PEs in the population. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Age Factors Alcoholic Beverages Behavior Family Longevity Men Mental Disorders Mental Health Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Stress, Psychological Substance-Related Disorders Surveys And Questionnaires Women

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• Keywords:
  Age Factors Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholism Analytical Models Analytical Processes Author Keywords: Childhood Adversity Behavioral Disorders Behavior Patterns Dietary Effects Discrete-time Survival Analysis Drug Abuse Families Health Surveys Humans Lifespan Life Stages Maladaptive Family Functioning Mental-health Mental-stress Mental Disorders Mental Illness Population Attributable Risk Proportion Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Psychological-effects Psychological-reactions Psychological-stress Psychological Processes Psychology Psychotic Experiences Psychotropic Drugs PTSD Risk-factors Statistical Analysis Survival Rate World Mental Health Survey

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• ISSN:
  0033-2917
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Massachusetts ; New York ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 3 ; Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  47
• Issue:
  7
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20050691
• Citation:
  Psychol Med 2017 May; 47(7):1230-1245
• Contact Point Address:
  Professor J. McGrath, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
• Email:
  j.mcgrath@uq.edu.au
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• Performing Organization:
  State University New York Stony Brook
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20140701
• Source Full Name:
  Psychological Medicine
• End Date:
  20170630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9081e39662e8199dd8a28cc63bbf5c4351cf7735f9887bec124a0af16197034021dd66585946a5cdd9ad23e4ee6708383271e3f524db98cd5be8e6683de08edb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/210934/cdc_210934_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 265.12 KB ]