Magnitude and Durability of the Antibody Response to mRNA-Based Vaccination Among SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Health Care Personnel

Details

• Personal Author:
  Abernathy H ; Aiello AE ; Ajeen R ; Alavian N ; Beatty C ; Boyce RB ; Chung C ; Ciccone EJ ; Garrett HE ; Gunderson AK ; Hawke S ; Juliano JJ ; King E ; Lodge EK ; Markmann AJ ; Mendoza CE ; Premkumar L ; Reyes R ; Shook-Sa BE ; Taylor JL ; Weber DJ ; Zhu DR
• Description:
  Few studies have described changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in response to infection and vaccination at frequent intervals and over extended follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses among a prospective cohort of health care personnel over 18 months with up to 22 samples per person. Antibody levels and live virus neutralization were measured before and after mRNA-based vaccination with results stratified by (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection status prior to initial vaccination and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point during follow-up. We found that the antibody response to the first dose was almost 2-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive prior to vaccination, although neutralization titers were more variable. The antibody response induced by vaccination appeared to wane over time but generally persisted for 8 to 9 months, and those who were infected at any point during the study had slightly higher antibody levels over time vs those who remained uninfected. These findings underscore the need to account for SARS-CoV-2 natural infection as a modifier of vaccine responses, and they highlight the importance of frequent testing of longitudinal antibody titers over time. Together, our results provide a clearer understanding of the trajectories of antibody response among vaccinated individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Antibodies Communicable Diseases Health Personnel Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Antibody Response Author Keywords: Antibody Response COVID-19 Health Care Personnel Hybrid Immunity SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 Infection Vaccination Vaccines
• ISSN:
  2328-8957
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Contract
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  11
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20069578
• Citation:
  Open Forum Infect Dis 2024 Jan; 11(1):ofae009
• Contact Point Address:
  Allison E. Aiello, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
• Email:
  aea27@cumc.columbia.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2024
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20201105
• Source Full Name:
  Open Forum Infectious Diseases
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bf4fc7eba611875546d83177f5ca9bb84b5c4b546b0bdaa7e26051ba62a906cf1dd96e6c5565f16ab6e8e1ccad73db9d71993c283c3f04baf5b84a292686571e
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/207985/cdc_207985_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 911.56 KB ]