Generation of free radicals from freshly fractured silica dust: potential role in acute silica-induced lung injury

Details

• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent ; Dalal NS ; Irr W ; Shi X ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  An evaluation was made as to whether freshly ground silica (14808607) was more surface reactive and/or cytotoxic than aged silica. The surface features of freshly fractured silica were different from those of aged silica. Respirable size freshly ground silica contained silicon based radicals that react with aqueous environments to produce hydroxide radicals. The free radical concentration and the biologic reactivity of freshly ground silica were higher than those of aged silica as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques and silica induced oxygen radical and hydrogen-peroxide release from Sprague-Dawley-rat alveolar macrophages and by lipid peroxidation. Freshly ground silica exhibited a greater cytotoxic effect on cellular membrane integrity producing a 1.5 fold increase in lactate-dehydrogenase release from macrophages, a 36 fold increase in hemolytic activity, and a three fold increase in the ability to induce lipid peroxidation. The authors propose that silicon based radicals on silica and the resultant generation of hydroxide radicals may be important in cell membrane damage by initiation of lipid peroxidation through a chain reaction. This mechanism may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of acute silicosis where inhalation of fresh silica occurs, as in sandblasting, rock drilling, tunnelling, and silica flour mill operations. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Dust Inhalation Exposure Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Silicon Dioxide
• Keywords:
  Chemical-properties In-vitro-studies Inhalants Laboratory-animals Lung-cells Mineral-dusts NIOSH-Author Physical-properties Silica-dusts
• ISSN:
  0003-0805
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  138
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00185584
• Citation:
  Am Rev Respir Dis 1988 Nov; 138(5):1213-1219
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1989
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  American Review of Respiratory Disease
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:405f8c64e8f224b0692d5286a600e7d0674e4b3459abb3dc4ea8e07de033582326aee71c20fa0727f0fc5ceca8da91f892e8d154e06c5291d0e19f6fa12d8ab5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/204806/cdc_204806_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 799.86 KB ]