Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological investigations

Details

• Personal Author:
  Costa LG
• Description:
  Using biomarkers in neurotoxicological research was discussed. The general characteristics of biomarkers were summarized. Biomarkers are generally divided into three categories, those related to exposure, effect, and host susceptibility. Some overlap occurs between these categories. Certain biomarkers of exposure, such as DNA adduction, for example, may also serve as biomarkers of effect. The rationale for using biomarkers in neurotoxicological research was considered. Biomarkers have been proposed as a means of bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies of neurotoxicity. Progress in this area, however, has been slow due to the complexity of the nervous system and its own distinctive peculiarities and the difficulties of developing biomarkers of effect for the nervous system. Specific biomarkers that can be used to assess exposure, effect, and susceptibility were described. Increases in erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic-acid-dehydratase and zinc-protoporphyrin following lead (7439921) exposure were mentioned as examples of biomarkers of exposure. Increases in the concentration of astrocyte specific glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein following neuronal damage have been used as biomarkers of effect following exposure to certain neurotoxicants. Increases in the level of creatine-kinase-isoenzyme-BB have been detected in the blood of boxers and head trauma patients. Genetic polymorphisms in various enzymes such as the cytochrome-P-450, glutathione- transferase, and N-acetyltransferase families have shown differing responses to neurotoxic organic compounds. Specific biomarkers that have been or have potential use in assessing the effects of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, styrene (100425), n-hexane (110543), carbon-disulfide (75150), and acrylamide (79061) were discussed. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biochemistry Epidemiology Genetics Metals, Heavy Nervous System Occupational Health Safety Solvents
• Keywords:
  Biochemical-indicators Biological-monitoring Enzyme-complexes Genetic-factors Grants-other Heavy-metals In-vivo-studies Neurotoxicology NIOSH-Grant NIOSH-Publication Organic-solvents Proteins

  More +
• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 10 ; Washington
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  55-67
• Volume:
  104
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00234087
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 1996 Mar; 104(Suppl 1):55-67
• Contact Point Address:
  Environmental Health University of Washington Dept of Environ Hlth, SC-34 Seattle, WA 98195
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acrylamide (CAS RN 79-06-1) ; Carbon disulfide (CAS RN 75-15-0) ; Hexane (CAS RN 110-54-3) ; Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1) ; Styrene (CAS RN 100-42-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1996
• NORA Priority Area:
  Other Occupational Concerns ; Grants Other
• Performing Organization:
  University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19860929
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• Supplement:
  1
• End Date:
  19900331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:dce77ccd2323bfcc874e6caf8f19312599e07b5498688527858b24d39cc8d9c6be5e6b2a20c844109b30ba8c39f874f3b2e9b248e88e47cbc6bee2597ac33580
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/204250/cdc_204250_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 439.22 KB ]