Pulmonary toxicity of gas metal arc-stainless steel welding fume and component metals

Details

• Personal Author:
  Antonini J ; Erdely A ; Falcone L ; Keane M ; Kodali V ; Salmen R ; Zeidler-Erdely PC
• Description:
  Welding fume is a high-priority agent for further evaluation of lung cancer risk in humans and classified as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B). Epidemiological studies support a link between welding and lung cancer, particularly stainless steel fume which contains carcinogenic metals like hexavalent chromium and nickel. The objective was to compare the pulmonary toxicity of the individual metal oxide components of gas metal arc-stainless steel welding fume (GMA-SS WF) in A/J mice, a lung tumor susceptible strain. Male A/J mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to suspensions of GMA-SS WF (1.7 mg) or weight percent equivalent doses found in the total fume of the metal oxide components: chromium (III) oxide/calcium chromate (366 microg/11 microg), nickel (II) oxide (141 microg), or iron (III) oxide (1 mg). Shams were exposed to 50 microl PBS vehicle. Mice were euthanized at 1 d, 7 d, 28 d, and 84 d post-aspiration. Whole lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess pneumotoxicity and macrophages were challenged with Escherichia coli GFP (E.coli) for 2 hr at 1:25 multiplicity of infection. At 1 d all components of the welding fume had an effect on macrophages ability to phagocytize bacteria but returned to control levels by 28 d. Notable differences were observed between the toxicity of the total fume and each component metal. Total fume lung cytotoxicity, measured as lactate dehydrogenase levels in acellular BAL fluid, peaked at 7 d. Component cytotoxicity peaked at 1 d then steadily declined. The total GMA-SS WF was more cytotoxic than the sum of the component metals. Analysis of BAL cellular fraction indicated the total fume caused a greater and more persistent inflammatory state (i.e., macrophage and neutrophil influx) in the lung compared to the metal components. These results suggest the individual metal oxide components of the fume likely have a synergistic influence on lung toxicity and inflammation. In turn, persistent lung inflammation and toxicity of stainless steel WF suggest potential chronic toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Blood Carcinogens Chromates Chromium Cytotoxins Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Immune System Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Macrophages Metals Neoplasms Nickel Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Toxicology Welding

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• Keywords:
  Arc Welders Arc Welding Bacteria Calcium Compounds Chromium Compounds Chromium Metal Chronic Inflammation Cytotoxicity Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Fumes Gas Welders Hexavalent Chromium Immune Reaction Infectious Agents Iron Oxides Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Lung Cancer Lung Cells Lung Disorders Metal Compounds Metal Fumes Metal Oxides Neutrophils Nickel Oxide Oxides Phagocytic Activity Pulmonary System Disorders Respiratory System Disorders Stainless Steel Synergistic Effects Toxic Effects Toxic Fumes Welding Fumes

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  265-266
• Volume:
  156
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20049440
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2017 Mar; 156(1):265-266
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cr3+ (CAS RN 16065-83-1) ; Calcium chromate (CAS RN 13765-19-0) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Chromium(6+) (CAS RN 18540-29-9) ; Iron oxide (Fe2O3) (CAS RN 1309-37-1) ; Nickel monoxide (CAS RN 1313-99-1) ; Stainless Steel (CAS RN 12597-68-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2017
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 56th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 12-16, 2017, Baltimore, Maryland
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d85271139e343222fe64bf494e9fbf5b3cce5cace38e8e26af5957aba4c1fbf10fda1fecc6bc0331cdc4739325fb6f7fefd85870b2d106716705273cb0a7c716
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/203885/cdc_203885_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 958.22 KB ]