Police officers who responded to 9/11: comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety 10-11 years later

Details

• Personal Author:
  Adams SW ; Bowler RM ; Cone, James E. ; Gocheva VV ; Kornblith ES ; Li J ; Schwarzer R
• Description:
  Background: After the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attack, many policeresponders developed PTSD and might be vulnerable to develop depression and/or anxiety. Comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety is examined. Method: Police enrollees (N=1,884) from the WTC Health Registry were categorized into four groups based on comorbidity of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD were used. Depression (PHQ-8) and anxiety (GAD-7) were assessed with standardized psychometric inventories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify putative risk factors associated with comorbidity of PTSD. Results: Of 243 (12.9% of total) police with probable PTSD, 21.8% had probable PTSD without comorbidity, 24.7% had depression, 5.8% had anxiety, and 47.7% had comorbid depression and anxiety. Risk factors for comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety include being Hispanic, decrease in income, experiencing physical injury on 9/11, experiencing stressful/traumatic events since 9/11, and being unemployed/retired. Conclusion: Nearly half of police with probable PTSD had comorbid depression and anxiety. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Emergencies Emergency Responders Environmental Exposure Law Enforcement Men Mental Health Occupational Health Race Factors Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Women

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• Keywords:
  9/11 Author Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Comorbidity Emergency Responders Emergency Response Exposure Levels First Responders Humans Injuries Physical Stress Physiological Effects Physiological Stress Police Police Officers Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Effects Psychological Reactions Psychological Stress PTSD Racial Factors Risk Factor Risk Factors Sociological Factors Stress Traumatic Injuries

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• ISSN:
  0271-3586
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement ; Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; New York ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  425-436
• Volume:
  59
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20047912
• Citation:
  Am J Ind Med 2016 Jun; 59(6):425-436
• Contact Point Address:
  Rosemarie M. Bowler, PhD, MPH, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 8371 Kent Drive, El Cerrito, CA 94530
• Email:
  rbowl@sfsu.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• Performing Organization:
  New York City Health/Mental Hygiene
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20090430
• Source Full Name:
  American Journal of Industrial Medicine
• End Date:
  20260630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f7d52ca0f0ac186ca46b1d5edf461ad82fb76cc0398db4d6c3ed0d3df3bed04428f9657a2272d159e7b958b80e6072fc605fafc2bc000b26f9109eafce48b113
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/202851/cdc_202851_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 313.76 KB ]