Effects of laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, chemokine expression, reactive oxygen species, DNA methylation, and DNA damage: a comprehensive in vitro analysis in human small airway epithelial cells, macrophages, and lymphoblasts

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bello D ; Castranova, Vincent ; Demokritou P ; Kobzik L ; Koturbash I ; Lu X ; Miousse IR ; Pirela SV ; Qian Y ; Thomas T
• Description:
  Background: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) incorporated into toner formulations of printing equipment become airborne during their consumer use. Although information on the complex physicochemical and toxicological properties of both toner powders and printer-emitted particles (PEPs) continues to grow, most toxicological studies have primarily used raw toner powders rather than the actual PEPs, which are not representative of current exposures experienced at the consumer level during printing. Objectives: To assess the biological responses of a panel of human cell lines to PEPs. Methods: Three physiologically relevant cell lines - small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), macrophages (THP-1 cells) and lymphoblasts (TK6 cells) - were exposed to PEPs at a wide range of doses (0.5-100 microg/mL) that correspond to human inhalation exposure durations at the consumer level of approximately 8 hours and higher. Following treatment, toxicological parameters reflecting distinct mechanisms were evaluated. Results: PEPs caused significant membrane integrity damage, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as a rise in pro-inflammatory cytokine release in different cell lines at doses relevant to exposure durations from 7.8 to 1500 hours. Furthermore, there were differences in methylation patterns that although statistically insignificant, demonstrate the potential PEPs can have on the overall epigenome following exposure. Conclusions: The in vitro findings here suggest that laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles may be deleterious to lung cells, and provide preliminary evidence of epigenetic modifications that might translate to pulmonary disorders. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Chemistry DNA Genetics Immune System Ink Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Printing Respiratory System Safety

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• Keywords:
  Airborne-particles Alveolar-cells Biological-effects Cellular-function Cellular-reactions Chemical-composition Chemical-properties DNA-damage Dose-response Exposure-levels Genotoxic-effects Immune-reaction In-vitro-study Lasers Lung-cells Membrane-dysfunction Morphology Nanotechnology Office-equipment Oxidative-processes Physical-properties Printers Printing-inks

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• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Contract
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Arkansas ; Maryland ; Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 6 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  210-219
• Volume:
  124
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20046354
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2016 Feb; 124(2):210-219
• Contact Point Address:
  Philip Demokritou, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310B, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
• Email:
  pdemokri@hsph.harvard.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6b2b5efaf25aeac51c7c144d116d6dd0702470e76ff683693f9b7835a09dd32abf016ff2f6462362377d3a0c6fe0d2039b3c6dd9fb439600149c7d1262eff5f1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/201439/cdc_201439_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 691.89 KB ]