Assessing exposures to 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (PCBTF) in U.S. workplaces

Details

• Personal Author:
  Burns, Dru A. ; Harper M ; Kashon ML ; Kim SW ; Lee EG ; Lewis B
• Description:
  The chemical compound 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (CAS No: 98-56-6) - also known as PCBTF, Oxsol 100, or Parachlorobenzotrifluoride - was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/noms/support_docs/pcbtf060409.pdf. The nomination was based on the increasing use of PCBTF by industries and consumers, since it was exempted by the Environmental Protection Agency as a volatile organic compound in emissions reporting on the basis of not reacting in a manner that would contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone. Although PCBTF is no longer manufactured in the United States (US), approximately 29 million lbs were imported in 2012 and used in various applications to replace other chlorinated solvents with known environmental or human health hazards. Those applications include the automotive industry as industry-wide applications in coatings, thinners and cleaning solvents, and repair and maintenance cleaning and as a consumer product for cosmetic stain removal and aerosol rust prevention. The toxicity information on PCBTF is available from various resources, including the NTP website. These studies, however, are limited to short-term toxicity, and chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity studies are unavailable. There are no Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations specific to limiting occupational exposures to PCBTF. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has not established a time-weighted average (TWA) recommended exposure level, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has not established a TWA-threshold limit value for PCBTF. The Occidental Chemical Corporation, which used to manufacture PCBTF in the US, established a corporate exposure limit (CEL), which was a TWA limit of 25 ppm (185 mg/m3) for an 8-hour work-shift. The toxicological basis for setting this limit is not known to us. However, Occidental Chemical Corporation no longer manufactures or imports PCBTF into the US. The purpose of this case study is to determine industry-wide occupational inhalation exposures using available industrial hygiene sampling methods. This information can be used to benchmark exposure concentrations that may be applied in future studies of inhalation toxicity in animal models. In addition, side-by-side samples of a pumped (active) and diffusive (passive) sorbent tubes were taken to compare concentration ratios between the active and passive sampling methods. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aircraft Automobiles Benzene Carcinogens Case Reports Chlorine Compounds Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Inhalation Exposure Manufacturing And Industrial Facilities Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Solvents

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• Keywords:
  Aircraft-parts-and-auxiliary-equipment Automotive-industry Benzenes Case-studies Chemical-cleaning Chlorinated-benzenes Cleaning-compounds Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-limits Industrial-exposures Industrial-factory-workers Industrial-hygiene Inhalants Inhalation-studies Sampling-methods Toxic-materials

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• ISSN:
  1545-9624
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; Virginia ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  12
• Issue:
  7
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20045639
• Citation:
  J Occup Environ Hyg 2015 Jul; 12(7):D123-130
• Contact Point Address:
  Eun Gyung Lee, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
• Email:
  dtq5@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (CAS RN 98-56-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b313d44206a2e9f7a4f30bd65d4c73cc935a017ec9837d1b9fe2b1fe53c0d0061a16de1cb18624f6e982c4a524c2ef36da6001e2f3c9731ed914f8a1fe8bba1c
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/200988/cdc_200988_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 288.96 KB ]