Cockpit displays of traffic information and pilot bias in time-to-contact judgments

Details

• Personal Author:
  Kaber DB ; Pankok C Jr.
• Description:
  INTRODUCTION: Pilots are susceptible to over-reliance on distance when making relative time-to-contact (TTC) judgments of surrounding intruders, referred to as "the distance bias." We tested the effect of adding perceptual cues and an information feature to cockpit displays of traffic information to mitigate this bias. METHOD: There were 14 general aviation pilots who participated in a simulated flight scenario and were asked to make relative TTC judgments. Three levels of perceptual cue (blinking, color-change, and no-cue) were crossed with two levels of velocity data tag (present and absent) with identification of the highest risk intruder as a response. RESULTS: Perceptual cues were associated with more accurate high-risk intruder selection (color = 95.95% correct, blinking = 95.98%, no-cue = 87.89%), decreased response time (color = 3.68 s, blinking = 3.19 s, no-cue = 6.08 s), reduced visual attention demand (color = 57% of attention, blinking = 58%, no-cue = 62%), lower workload ratings (color = 28.38/100, blinking = 29.66/100, no-cue = 48.91/100), and higher performance confidence ratings (color = 83.92/100, blinking = 82.71/100, no-cue = 58.85/100) than the no-cue displays. There was no difference between blinking and color cue displays. The data tag was associated with lower response times (present = 4.13 s, absent = 4.50 s) and higher confidence ratings (present = 78.69/100, absent = 71.63/100) than displays without. Displays including the blinking cue, color-change cue, and data tag were preferred over displays that did not include these features (color = 8 pilots, blinking = 6, no-cue = 0). DISCUSSION: The added display features were effective in mitigating the effect of the distance bias on pilot performance measures and received favorable subjective ratings. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aircraft Automation Behavior Eye Occupational Health Safety Sense Organs
• Keywords:
  Aircraft Pilot Performance Aircrews Author Keywords: Cockpit Automation Behavior-patterns Behavioral-tests Color-vision Equipment-design Human-factors-engineering Human Factors In Display Design Humans Industrial-design Information-processing Performance-capability Pilots Reaction-rates Signal-devices Simulation-methods Task-performance Traffic Information Displays Visual-aids Visual-images Visual-perception

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• ISSN:
  0095-6562
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  North Carolina ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  85
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20044529
• Citation:
  Aviat Space Environ Med 2014 Jun; 85(6):597-604
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr. David B. Kaber, 400 Daniels Hall, 111 Lampe Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-7906
• Email:
  dbkaber@ncsu.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2014
• Performing Organization:
  University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
• End Date:
  20270630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e1df584a23f22f472c3e98b8c21155e71ef1973be813bc95493b2edd917781bb6174fa34b48983e12dcd494b738d20bdbf3506f61d3c0b90a1d142591666b5c8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/200212/cdc_200212_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 555.90 KB ]