Determinants of Chlorpyrifos Exposures and Urinary 3,5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Levels Among Termiticide Applicators

Details

• Personal Author:
  Deddens JA ; Hines C
• Description:
  The exposures and work activities of 41 applicators in North Carolina using chlorpyrifos-containing termiticides were characterized. Personal air and urine samples were collected on multiple days within one week. Detailed information about chemical use, tasks, personal protective equipment and hygiene was recorded. During the 202 applicator-days monitored, 415 treatment jobs were performed. Full-shift chlorpyrifos exposures ranged from <0.048 to 110 microg/m(3) (N=184), with a geometric mean (GM) of 10 microg/m(3). Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) levels ranged from 9.42 to 1960 microg/g creatinine (N=271) and varied significantly by day of the week (GM range: 169-262 microg/g creatinine). Predictive models for chlorpyrifos air exposure and urinary TCP levels were developed using mixed-effects stepwise linear regression. Determinants of airborne chlorpyrifos exposure included minutes chlorpyrifos applied and enclosed crawl space treated (yes/no). Determinants of TCP levels (depending on the model) included day-of-the-week, the chlorpyrifos air concentration one and two days before urine collection, minutes of chlorpyrifos applied one and two days before urine collection, enclosed crawl space treated (yes/no), and commercial structure treated (time-weighted). Within- and between-worker variability was similar for airborne chlorpyrifos; however, for TCP, between-worker variability exceeded within-worker variability by six times. The elimination half-life of TCP (26.9 h) and possibly the short sampling interval (one week) may explain the low TCP within-worker variability. Applicators' weekly mean ln(TCP levels) and weekly mean ln(chlorpyrifos air concentrations) were highly and positively linearly correlated (r(2)=0.73, P<0.0001). In summary, mixed-effects models were successfully constructed to predict airborne chlorpyrifos exposure and urinary TCP levels. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Environmental Monitoring Insecticides Occupational Health Particulate Matter Safety Urine Workplace
• Keywords:
  3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol Air-samples Air-sampling Airborne-particles Author Keywords: Chlorpyrifos Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure Determinants Mixed Models Models Pesticide Pesticides Urinalysis Variance Components Workers Workplace-monitoring

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• ISSN:
  0003-4878
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  309-321
• Volume:
  45
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20021747
• Citation:
  Ann Occup Hyg 2001 Jun; 45(4):309-321
• Contact Point Address:
  Cynthia J. Hines, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
• Email:
  chines@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2001
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5d9963f8e12dc80e7af845ee6c460bbec340e94667a7f0fd7f28b047ee50f1608050c723e4faeb27c0a735bd00a24095516cd895f1de46f7676ba860a7a7d8f0
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/198856/cdc_198856_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 140.71 KB ]