A Simulation Model for Designing Effective Interventions in Early Childhood Caries

Details

• Journal Article:
  Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
• Personal Author:
  Hirsch, Gary B. ; Edelstein, Burton L. ; Frosh, Marcy ; Anselmo, Theresa
• Description:
  Introduction
  
  Early childhood caries (ECC) — tooth decay among children younger than 6 years — is prevalent and consequential, affecting nearly half of US 5-year-olds, despite being highly preventable. Various interventions have been explored to limit caries activity leading to cavities, but little is known about the long-term effects and costs of these interventions. We developed a system dynamics model to determine which interventions, singly and in combination, could have the greatest effect in reducing caries experience and cost in a population of children aged birth to 5 years.
  
  Methods
  
  System dynamics is a computer simulation technique useful to policy makers in choosing the most appropriate interventions for their populations. This study of Colorado preschool children models 6 categories of ECC intervention — applying fluorides, limiting cariogenic bacterial transmission from mothers to children, using xylitol directly with children, clinical treatment, motivational interviewing, and combinations of these — to compare their relative effect and cost.
  
  Results
  
  The model projects 10-year intervention costs ranging from $6 million to $245 million and relative reductions in cavity prevalence ranging from none to 79.1% from the baseline. Interventions targeting the youngest children take 2 to 4 years longer to affect the entire population of preschool-age children but ultimately exert a greater benefit in reducing ECC; interventions targeting the highest-risk children provide the greatest return on investment, and combined interventions that target ECC at several stages of its natural history have the greatest potential for cavity reduction. Some interventions save more in dental repair than their cost; all produce substantial reductions in repair cost.
  
  Conclusion
  
  By using data relevant to any geographic area, this system model can provide policy makers with information to maximize the return on public health and clinical care investments.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Child Child, Preschool Computer Simulation Cost-Benefit Analysis Dental Caries Humans Infant Models, Biological Original Research
• Source:
  Prev Chronic Dis. 2012; 9.
• ISSN:
  1545-1151
• Pubmed ID:
  22380939
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC3366771
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  H47MC08655/PHS HHS/United States ; RFA-DP09-908/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  Colorado
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  9
• Collection(s):
  Preventing Chronic Disease
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:17fa29aa09ba8164f40fa030e2d162ce5b4cf9ca55f2bea0e01c495c155a711817dc7418229803849e880e233088020c7dd306cd8cef7647ae265a44b90009b4
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/19807/cdc_19807_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 152.31 KB ]