Factors Influencing Bone Lead Concentration in a Suburban Community Assessed by Noninvasive K X-Ray Fluorescence

Details

• Personal Author:
  Becker CE ; Kelly TJ ; Kosnett MJ ; Osterloh JD ; Pasta DJ
• Description:
  The demographic, occupational, and medical risk factors correlated with bone lead (7439921) levels were examined in individuals with nonindustrial lead exposures. The 101 residents of 49 households in a suburban community were interviewed and examined. In-vivo K-X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) was applied to the noninvasive measurement of the lead levels in the midtibial diaphysis. Blood and soil lead concentrations were also determined. The mean bone and blood lead levels were 12.7+/-14.6 parts per million and 0.28+/-0.19 micromoles per liter, respectively. Age was highly correlated with bone lead concentration, with a coefficient of 0.71 following logarithmic transformation. Bone and blood lead concentrations were mildly correlated, with a coefficient of 0.23 following logarithmic transformation. For subjects over the age of 55, men exhibited significantly higher bone lead concentrations than women. Among women, the number of pregnancies and births was not significantly associated with the age and sex adjusted bone lead content. However, bone lead concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with ever having breast fed, with a coefficient of -0.31. Cigarette smoking was significantly correlated with bone lead levels, with a coefficient of 0.20. Elevated blood lead levels were observed among the 11 individuals occupationally exposed to lead within the previous year. However, neither occupational nor avocational lead exposures were significantly correlated with bone lead concentrations. Log transformed blood lead levels were significantly correlated with the construction year of the current house. Soil lead concentrations were not related to adjusted bone lead levels. A multiple regression model incorporating the significant risk factors, such as age, sex, and cigarette smoking, accounted for two thirds of the variability in bone lead content. The authors conclude that the above findings facilitate the creation of a reference range for evaluating the lead burden of populations environmentally or occupationally exposed to lead. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Age Factors Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Demography Hematologic Tests Lead Metals, Heavy Musculoskeletal System Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Radiography Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Sex Characteristics Smokers Tobacco Products

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• Keywords:
  Age-factors Blood-analysis Cardiovascular-system-disorders Cigarette-smoking Demographic-characteristics Heavy-metals Lactation Lead-compounds NIOSH-Grant NIOSH-Publication Occupational-exposure Risk-factors Sex-factors Skeletal-system Soil-analysis X-ray-fluorescence-analysis

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• ISSN:
  0098-7484
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  197-203
• Volume:
  271
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00236907
• Citation:
  JAMA 1994 Jan; 271(3):197-203
• Contact Point Address:
  Medicine University of California, SF Sfgh Bldg 30 5Th Floor San Francisco, CA 94110
• CAS Registry Number:
  Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1994
• Performing Organization:
  University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19910930
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of the American Medical Association
• End Date:
  19950330
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:39a8bd8a93b86ab73347aa1facf23dfadc1ea5ab63b45e4480223358a7cf94e0affad488715a7e67719939e8fdaa694c60ac2eae8378f4158134945a226ab1eb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/197852/cdc_197852_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.28 MB ]