Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Details

• Personal Author:
  Eschenbacher B ; Huy J
• Description:
  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus included within a subgroup of retroviruses. HIV can cause human infection of varying severity, with the most advanced form of infection referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The diagnosis of HIV infection is made by sequential laboratory tests for detection of HIV antibody; a positive result on an enzyme immunoassay followed by a confirmatory test such as a Western blot or immunofluorescent antibody titer. The CDC recommends HIV testing be expanded to identify more individuals in earlier stages of infection, at which time behavioral changes could be made that would limit the transmission. A newer and more rapid screening test for HIV has been approved by the FDA and could be used in expanded testing programs. The surveillance case definition for AIDS used by the CDC is as follows: Positive evidence for HIV infection and one of the following: (1) CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of <200 cells/L; or (2) one of the identified clinical conditions listed as part of the AIDS surveillance case definition, which include infections such as extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis or cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and histoplasmosis, as well as some noninfectious conditions, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, some forms of lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer. Because of its potential for transmission through a workplace exposure, HIV infection is considered, in part, an occupational illness. This entry focuses on HIV infections that occur in the workplace and the prevention of these infections. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Blood
  • Blood-Borne Pathogens
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Correctional Facilities
  • Emergency Responders
  • Firefighters
  • Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services
  • Health Personnel
  • Hematologic Diseases
  More +
• Keywords:
  • AIDS
  • AIDS-virus
  • Acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome
  • HIV
  • Infectious-diseases
  • Infection-control
  • Viral-diseases
  • Viral-infections
  • Bloodborne-pathogens
  • Personal-protective-equipment
  More +
• ISBN:
  9780875530437
• Publisher:
  American Public Health Association
• Document Type:
  Text
• Editor:
  Levy BS; Wagner GR; Rest KM; Weeks JL
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  256-263
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20026507
• Citation:
  Preventing occupational disease and injury, second edition. Levy BS, Wagner GR, Rest KM, Weeks JL, eds. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 2005 Jan; :256-263
• Editor(s):
  Levy BS; Wagner GR; Rest KM; Weeks JL
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2005
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Preventing occupational disease and injury, second edition
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/197315/cdc_197315_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.14 MB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bea33a8aade70ae3d22b7901320b503e388cab88955635042274bc95ecf63f1d3bddc7827249c83bacc0c671c6a1ef6a363614806f60038d30198cf3297a54d6