Animal Models for Diisocyanate Asthma: Answers for Lingering Questions

Details

• Personal Author:
  Johnson VJ ; Luster MI ; Matheson JM
• Description:
  Diisocyanates are the leading cause of occupational asthma, the most commonly reported lung disease associated with the workplace. Clinical studies have implicated the immune system in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma, but ethical and moral issues prevent mechanistic investigations in humans. For this reason, the development and characterization of animal models are germane to further understanding of diisocyanate occupational asthma and to identify avenues for therapeutic intervention. This review will highlight important features of existing experimental animal models with emphasis on new developments. Experimental animal models of diisocyanate occupational asthma have demonstrated an immunological basis for the disease. Mice can be sensitized by dermal or respiratory exposure, suggesting that either exposure route may be important in the workplace. Recent findings show that sensitized mice develop airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, reflective of human disease. The transfer of lymphocytes or serum from sensitized mice can cause clinical disease in naive mice. Transgenic animals have identified a role for specific immunity, including the involvement of T-helper type 1/2 responses as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells in diisocyanate occupational asthma. Recent animal models have shown that sensitization can occur through subchronic inhalation of vapor-phase diisocyanate at levels as low as 20 ppb. Recent progress using animal models has been instrumental in furthering current understanding of the involvement of the immune system in disease pathogenesis. The demonstration of diisocyanate occupational asthma in a murine model after sub-chronic inhalation exposure at relevant exposure levels should provide opportunities for more accurate risk assessment data. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Asthma Asthma, Occupational Lung Diseases Occupational Health Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Toluene
• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Bronchial-asthma Immune-system-disorders Lung-disease Models Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Toluenes
• ISSN:
  1528-4050
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  105-110
• Volume:
  4
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20024597
• Citation:
  Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 Apr; 4(2):105-110
• Contact Point Address:
  Victor J. Johnson, PhD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS3014, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  vjohnson3@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cyclohexane (CAS RN 110-82-7) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2004
• NORA Priority Area:
  Disease and Injury: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b13f06f3089ca5f50417286b73b089df694ee62a7ecfaffd0ceb8239eb24ca591eec641ada9714ea9d89157028937cb88e0cf5922dd2147892ea2a2b38011ed3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/196331/cdc_196331_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 119.76 KB ]