Framework for Evaluating Measures to Control Nosocomial Tuberculosis Transmission

Details

• Personal Author:
  Miller SL ; Nazaroff WW ; Nicas M
• Description:
  Diverse control measures can be applied to reduce tuberculosis infection risk in health-care facilities. Selecting optimal controls requires methods for predicting the dependence of infections risk on underlying parameters. A common model for infection risk only explicitly accounts for control by ventilation. This paper proposes a more complete model for evaluating tuberculosis infection control methods in health-care settings. An infection risk parameter is defined as the probable number of infectious droplet nuclei inhaled by all susceptible persons from a single infectious person. Algebraic model equations are presented for two exposure cases. In one, the susceptible and infectious persons are together in a well-mixed indoor environment; in the second, the infectious person is in respiratory isolation. Model equations are used to explore many common tuberculosis control measures: identification, isolation and treatment of tuberculosis cases; surgical masks and treatment booths applied at the source; environmental controls such as ventilation, air filtration, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation; and respiratory protection for susceptible persons. Experimental data are limited or lacking on some key variables, such as emissions of infectious droplet nuclei by contagious persons and air leakage rates from isolation rooms. Methods are outlined for collecting additional data. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution, Indoor Communicable Disease Control Communicable Diseases Engineering Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Filtration Health Care Facilities Workforce And Services Health Personnel Occupational Health Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protective Devices Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Bioaerosol Disease-control Disease-incidence Disease-transmission Disease Transmission Engineering-controls Environmental-control Environmental-factors Health-care-facilities Health-care-personnel Indoor Air Quality Infection-control Infectious-diseases Occupational-health Respiratory-protection Respiratory Disease Risk-analysis Risk-factors Ultraviolet Disinfection

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• ISSN:
  0905-6947
• Publisher:
  205-218
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  205-218
• Volume:
  8
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20024408
• Citation:
  Indoor Air 1998 Jan; 8:205-218
• Contact Point Address:
  William W. Nazaroff, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 633 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1998
• NORA Priority Area:
  Research Tools and Approaches: Risk Assessment Methods
• Performing Organization:
  University of California-Berkeley, School of Public Health, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Berkeley, CA 94720
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19960701
• Source Full Name:
  Indoor Air
• End Date:
  19990630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d93d690e2010117a59fc533431741ce7b61737f4748c23b8d4f0d6222e4a2b4f36cc20ecb8e50e675957ff22113c80818f1d8e10f3775a9ba4553c4361cce7a6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/196225/cdc_196225_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 214.17 KB ]