Pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine

Details

• Personal Author:
  Lu AYH ; Ma Q
• Description:
  It is well established that in a large patient population, individuals may respond to the same medication differently in drug efficacy, drug safety, or both. One measurable parameter of variability in drug response is the plasma drug level that sometimes varies as much as several hundredfold among patients. Therefore, even with the best drug available, the standard daily dose that is proven to be efficacious and safe for the majority of patients may be ineffective or even harmful for a small number of patients. Although numerous factors can influence the outcome of a drug treatment in individual patients, it is generally accepted that genetic variations in humans play a major role in determining the variability of disease phenotypes, drug efficacy, and drug side effect (Lu, 1998; Meyer, 2000; Evans and McLeod, 2003; Weinshilboum, 2003a; Evans and Reiling, 2004; Eichelbaum et aI., 2006; Lin, 2007). The human genome sequence provides a special record of human evolution. This sequence varies among populations and individuals. As the complete sequence of the human genome became available, the impact of the variability of the human genome on the pathogenesis of important diseases and the responses to drug therapy in humans can be readily analyzed. Parallel to the rapid accumulation of the knowledge on the genome-disease and genome-drug interactions, there arises a high hope that individualized medicine will soon become a reality. In this chapter, we will examine the origins of individual variability in drug treatment; the role of drug targets, drug metabolizing enzymes, and drug transporters in determining the individual variability in drug therapy; and the many challenges we face in reaching the goal of individualized medicine. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Amino Acids Delivery Of Health Care DNA Drug Therapy Energy Metabolism Enzymes Genetics Occupational Health Safety Safety Management
• Keywords:
  Amino-acids Biological-effects Biological-transport Cell-damage Deoxyribonucleic-acids Diseases DNA-damage Drug-interaction Drug-therapy Drugs Enzyme-activity Gene-mutation Genes Genetic-factors Humans Medical-care Medical-treatment Medicinal-chemicals Metabolic-activation Metabolism Morphology Pathogenesis Pharmacodynamics Pharmacology Physiological-factors Regulations Safety-measures

  More +
• ISBN:
  9780470542781
• Publisher:
  Wiley
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  New Jersey ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  95-107
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20040781
• Citation:
  ADME-enabling technologies for drug design and development. Zhang D, Surapaneni S, eds. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012 Apr; :95-107
• Contact Point Address:
  Q. Ma, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  (±)-Warfarin (CAS RN 81-81-2) ; Glutathione (CAS RN 70-18-8)
• Editor(s):
  Zhang D; Surapaneni S
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2012
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  ADME-enabling technologies for drug design and development
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:13eff78823502a2be5d4a0aa9a61fcbaa7f0d82c38dc838ac98ed2a147f4055688e6486fb737b4d10666943ac7c5eabe0c8c2ea903bd646f827b0eead1346711
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/193529/cdc_193529_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.12 MB ]