Potential immunotoxicological health effects following exposure to COREXIT 9500A during cleanup of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anderson, Stacey E. ; Franko J ; Lukomska E ; Meade BJ
• Description:
  Workers involved in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill cleanup efforts reported acute pulmonary and dermatological adverse health effects. These studies were undertaken to assess the immunotoxicity of COREXIT 9500A, the primary dispersant used in cleanup efforts, as a potential causative agent. COREXIT 9500A and one of its active ingredients, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), were evaluated using murine models for hypersensitivity and immune suppression, including the local lymph node assay (LLNA), phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells (DLN), mouse ear swelling test (MEST), total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. Dermal exposure to COREXIT 9500A and DSS induced dose-responsive increases in dermal irritation and lymphocyte proliferation. The EC3 values for COREXIT 9500A and DSS were 0.4 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively, resulting in a classification of COREXIT 9500A as a potent sensitizer and DSS as a moderate sensitizer. A T-cell-mediated mechanism underlying the LLNA was supported by positive responses in the MEST assay for COREXIT and DSS, indicated by a significant increase in ear swelling 48 h post challenge. There were no marked alterations in total serum IgE or B220+/IgE+ lymph-node cell populations following exposure to COREXIT 9500A. Significant elevations in interferon (IFN)-gamma but not interleukin (IL)-4 protein were also observed in stimulated lymph node cells. The absence of increases in IgE and IL-4 in the presence of enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, positive MEST responses, and elevations in IFN-gamma suggest a T-cell-mediated mechanism. COREXIT 9500A did not induce immunosuppression in the murine model. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biological Assay Blood Dermatitis Emergencies Emergency Responders Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Hypersensitivity Immune System Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Oil And Gas Industry Petroleum Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Skin Skin Diseases

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• Keywords:
  Bioassays Blood-serum Cell-function Cellular-reactions Chemical-hypersensitivity Decontamination Dermatosis Dispersion Dose-response Emergency-responders Emergency-response Employee-exposure Employee-health Environmental-contamination Environmental-exposure Environmental-pollution Immune-reaction Immune-system Immunoglobulins Immunotoxins Lymph-nodes Lymphocytes Oil-industry Oil-refineries Oil-refinery-workers Petroleum-industry Petroleum-oils Petroleum-products Petroleum-refineries Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-system-disorders Sensitization Skin-disorders Skin-exposure Sodium-compounds

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  74
• Issue:
  21
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039684
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2011 Nov; 74(21):1419-1430
• Contact Point Address:
  Stacey E. Anderson, PhD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
• Email:
  Sanderson4@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-(1-Butoxy-2-propoxy)-2-propanol (CAS RN 29911-28-2) ; Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light (CAS RN 64742-47-8) ; Polyethylene glycol sorbitan trioleate (CAS RN 9005-70-3) ; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (CAS RN 9005-65-6) ; Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (CAS RN 577-11-7) ; Sorbitan mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate (CAS RN 1338-43-8)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2012
• Performing Organization:
  West Virginia University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f6c3299ad767ba32ce98fb347b7576f026c45049954d216552dd05a4f54927efd0e03e33beabd4acafb0fdf621da5d563a0fa0e1234ec0860e78704771d46866
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192838/cdc_192838_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 248.33 KB ]