Pulmonary effects after acute inhalation of oil dispersant (COREXIT EC9500A) in rats

Details

• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent ; Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Frazer DG ; Goldsmith WT ; Jackson M ; Kashon ML ; Kenyon A ; McKinney W ; Piedimonte G ; Reynolds JS ; Roberts, Jennifer R. ; Shimko MJ ; Thompson JA ; Zaccone EJ
• Description:
  COREXIT EC9500A (COREXIT) was used to disperse crude oil during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. While the environmental impact of COREXIT has been examined, the pulmonary effects are unknown. Investigations were undertaken to determine whether inhaled COREXIT elicits airway inflammation, alters pulmonary function or airway reactivity, or exerts pharmacological effects. Male rats were exposed to COREXIT (mean 27 mg/m3, 5 h). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on d 1 and 7 postexposure. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin were measured as indices of lung injury; macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were quantified to evaluate inflammation; and oxidant production by macrophages and neutrophils was measured. There were no significant effects of COREXIT on LDH, albumin, inflammatory cell levels or oxidant production at either time point. In conscious animals, neither breathing frequency nor specific airway resistance were altered at 1 hr, 1 d and 7 d postexposure. Airway resistance responses to methacholine (MCh) aerosol in anesthetized animals were unaffected at 1 and 7 d postexposure, while dynamic compliance responses were decreased after 1 d but not 7 d. In tracheal strips, in the presence or absence of MCh, low concentrations of COREXIT (0.001% v/v) elicited relaxation; contraction occurred at 0.003-0.1% v/v. In isolated, perfused trachea, intraluminally applied COREXIT produced similar effects but at higher concentrations. COREXIT inhibited neurogenic contractile responses of strips to electrical field stimulation. Our findings suggest that COREXIT inhalation did not initiate lung inflammation, but may transiently increase the difficulty of breathing. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Cytology Cytotoxins Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Immune System Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Occupational Health Pathology Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety

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• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Biohazards Biological-effects Biological-systems Cell-biology Cell-function Cell-metabolism Cell-morphology Cellular-function Cellular-reactions Cytotoxic-effects Exposure-assessment Immune-reaction Inhalation-studies Laboratory-animals Lung-disorders Lung-irritants Physiological-effects Physiological-response Pulmonary-disorders Pulmonary-function Pulmonary-system Quantitative-analysis

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  74
• Issue:
  21
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039652
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2011 Sep; 74(21):1381-1396
• Contact Point Address:
  Jenny R. Roberts, PhD, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1095 Willowdale Rd. (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
• Email:
  jur6@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-(1-Butoxy-2-propoxy)-2-propanol (CAS RN 29911-28-2) ; Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light (CAS RN 64742-47-8) ; Polyethylene glycol sorbitan trioleate (CAS RN 9005-70-3) ; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (CAS RN 9005-65-6) ; Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (CAS RN 577-11-7) ; Sorbitan mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate (CAS RN 1338-43-8)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• NORA Priority Area:
  Construction ; Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d3140ef7232b84d5c7dd069b5fbc7fe0e0bf66eaa483f371dfa7cbf7e693f93b6552f4943af53691aa32af422e284f1f661b1489ecefcc500298b8b6a64cd456
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192819/cdc_192819_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 405.15 KB ]