In vitro human epidermal penetration of 1-bromopropane

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barbero AM ; Dotson, G. Scott ; Frasch, H. Fredrick
• Description:
  1-Bromopropane (1-BP; CAS number 106-94-5), also known as n-propyl bromide, is a halogenated short-chain alkane used as an organic solvent with numerous commercial and industrial applications, including garment dry cleaning and vapor degreasing of metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the dermal absorption characteristics and corrosivity of 1-BP. Heat-separated human epidermal membranes were mounted on static diffusion cells. Different exposure scenarios were studied (infinite dose, finite dose, and transient exposure) using neat 1-BP and saturated aqueous solution as donor. Steady-state fluxes for infinite-dose neat 1-BP exposure averaged 625 to 960 mu g cm(-2) h(-1). The finite-dose (10 mu l/cm(2) = 13.5 mg/cm(2)) unoccluded donor resulted in penetration of <0.2% of the applied dose (22 mu g/cm(2)). A 10-min transient exposure to infinite dose resulted in total penetration of 179 mu g/cm(2). Steady-state 1-BP fluxes from neat application of a commercial dry cleaning solvent were similar (441 to 722 mu g cm(-2) h(-1)). The permeability coefficient of 1-BP in water vehicle was 0.257 +/- 0.141 cm/h. The absorption potential of 1-BP following dermal exposure is dependent upon the type and duration of exposure. Donor losses due to evaporation were approximately 500-fold greater than dermal absorption flux; evaporation flux was 420 mg cm(-2) h(-1). 1-BP is cytotoxic but not corrosive, based on results from a cultured reconstructed human epidermal model (EpiDerm Skin Corrosivity Test). [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Corrosion Cytology Cytotoxins Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Immune System Occupational Health Pathology Safety Skin Skin Absorption Solvents Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Biohazards Biological-effects Biological-monitoring Cell-biology Cell-function Cellular-reactions Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-properties Corrosive-materials Cytopathology Cytotoxic-effects Dry-cleaning-industry Dry-cleaning-solvents Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Immune-reaction Mathematical-models Physiological-effects Physiological-response Quantitative-analysis Skin-absorption Skin-exposure Statistical-analysis Vapors Work-areas Work-operations Worker-health

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; EID - Education and Information Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  74
• Issue:
  19
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039358
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2011 Aug; 74(19):1249-1260
• Contact Point Address:
  H. Frederick Frasch, NIOSH, HELD, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  HFrasch@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  1-Bromopropane (CAS RN 106-94-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing ; Services
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c4cb580bc7555358e250157a41a02d79c5d1037195fc609d1ef3cbb76eac09647d4bcc3de2f080b48165f55953fc629ebe8bf62e6ede32130ff41b6eb8d188ff
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192687/cdc_192687_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 330.02 KB ]